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Session 1 GEOTHERMALL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION: POSSIBILITIES, TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN REGION Ruggero Bertani: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: AN OVERVIEW ON RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL Figure 17: view of the European Soultz EGS project. New developments - Drilling for higher temperatures Production wells in high-temperature fields are commonly 1.5-2.5 km deep and the production temperature 250-340°C. The energy output from individual wells is highly variable depending on the flow rate and the enthalpy (heat content) of the fluid, but is commonly in the range 5-10 MWe and rarely over 15 MWe per well. It is well known from research on eroded high-temperature fields that much higher temperatures are found in the roots of the high-temperature systems. The interna- tional Iceland Deep Drilling Project (ID- DP) is a long-term program to improve the efficiency and economics of geothermal energy by harnessing deep unconventional geothermal resources (Fridleifsson et al., 2007). Its aim is to produce electricity from natural supercritical hydrous fluids from drillable depths. Producing super- critical fluids will require drilling wells and sampling fluids and rocks to depths of 3.5 to 5 km, and at temperatures of 450- 600°C. The central science team partici- pants are from Iceland, USA, Japan, New Zealand, Italy, Germany and France. Other scientists and geothermal experts involved are from Russia, Spain, Norway, UK, Lux- embourg, Greece, Turkey and Portugal. Some 40-50 research proposals have been put forward and 100-150 scientists and their students are currently active in the project. The current plan is to drill and test at least three 3.5-5 km deep boreholes in Iceland within the next few years (one in each of the Krafla, Hengill, and Reykjanes high-temperature geothermal systems). Beneath these three developed drill fields temperatures should exceed 550-650°C, and the occurrence of frequent seismic activity below 5 km, indicates that the rocks are brittle and therefore likely to be permeable. Modelling indicates that if the wellhead enthalpy is to exceed that of con- ventionally produced geothermal steam, the reservoir temperature must be higher than 450°C. A deep well producing 0.67 m3/sec steam (~2400 m3/h) from a re- servoir with a temperature significantly 15PDF Image | GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: AN OVERVIEW ON RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL
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