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II. IEA GEOTHERMAL R&T PROGRAMME ANNEX I CHAPTER 2 Annex I – Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Energy Development 2.1 Introduction Environmental effects of energy use are a worldwide concern. Geothermal is generally regarded as a benign energy source. There are, however, some environmental problems associated with its utilization. To further the use of geothermal energy, possible environmental effects need to be clearly identified, and countermeasures devised and adopted to avoid or minimize their impact. Task 1 of the GIA was set up to address these issues, and is formulated in Annex I. The goals of Task I are: to encourage the sustainable development of geothermal energy resources in an economic and environmentally responsible manner; to quantify any adverse or beneficial impacts that geothermal energy development may have on the environment, and to identify ways of avoiding, remedying or mitigating such adverse effects. The term “development” here is used in a broad sense to encompass not only energy production but also use for social and economic purposes such as tourism. These activities have been a part of the GIA since its inception in 1997, and in 2001the Annex was extended to 2005. The specific objectives of Annex I are: • To study the effects that existing geothermal developments have had on the environment and determine their cause. • To identify the most likely and serious adverse effects that geothermal developments can have on the environment. • To identify the development technologies that have proven to be environmentally sound. • To publish the results of the studies in international journals and present the results at international forums. • To improve communications between individuals and organizations in different countries, and between different professional groups involved in geothermal development by involvement in collective presentation of the results in international forums. During 2004, five countries participated in Annex I: Iceland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and United States of America. Two other countries that are currently non- Members, Turkey and the Philippines, also made contributions to the Annex. The Operating Agent for Annex I is the Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited (IGNS), a Crown Research Institute owned by the New Zealand Government. The Task Leader is Chris Bromley. IEA Geothermal R&T Annual Report 2004.doc 17PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2004
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