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II. IEA GEOTHERMAL R&T PROGRAMME ANNEX I 2.2 Subtasks of Annex I There are four Subtasks in this Annex. 2.2.1 Subtask A- Impacts on Natural Features (Subtask Leader: Chris Bromley, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited, Wairakei, New Zealand) This Subtask focuses on documenting known impacts of geothermal developments on natural geothermal features such as geysers, hot springs and silica terraces. The aim of this subtask is to provide a sound historical and international basis on which to devise methods to avoid or mitigate the impacts of development on these geothermal features, which often have significant cultural and economic value. Projects that examine the effects of geothermal developments on natural geothermal features are being conducted in Iceland, Japan, New Zealand and United States of America. 2.2.2 Subtask B- Discharge and Reinjection Problems (Subtask Leader: Trevor Hunt, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited, Wairakei, New Zealand) Work in this Subtask is focused on identifying and determining methods of overcoming the impacts of geothermal developments on other aspects of the environment. This includes the effects of gas emissions from geothermal power plants, effects of toxic chemicals in waste fluid that is discharged both into the ground and into rivers, effects of ground subsidence, and induced earthquakes. Projects have been organized which examine the problems associated with disposal of waste geothermal fluids from existing geothermal developments in Iceland, Turkey and New Zealand. The effects of CO2, Hg and H2S gas emissions in Italy, New Zealand, Iceland, the USA and Mexico are being investigated. The effects, causes and possible remedies for subsidence are being researched in New Zealand and Iceland. 2.2.3 Subtask C- Methods of Impact Mitigation and Environmental Manual (Subtask Leader: Chris Bromley, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited, Wairakei, New Zealand) The objective of this Subtask is to contribute to the future of geothermal energy development by developing an effective, standard environmental analysis process. Field management strategies that result in improved environmental outcomes will be identified and promoted based on operational experience. Successful mitigation schemes that provide developers and regulators with options for compensating unavoidable effects are also being identified, documented and promoted. New Zealand, Mexico and the USA are the participants in this Subtask. 2.2.4 Subtask D- Seismic Risk from Fluid Injection into Enhanced Geothermal Systems (Subtask Co-Leaders: Roy Baria, EEIG Heat Mining, European Commission and Ernie Majer, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Energy, United States) This new Subtask, begun in 2004, addresses the issue of the occurrence of significant induced seismic events in conjunction with EGS reservoir development or subsequent extraction of heat from underground. These events have been large enough to be felt by populations living in the vicinity of current geothermal development sites. The objective is to investigate these IEA Geothermal R&T Annual Report 2004.doc 18PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2004
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