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II. IEA GEOTHERMAL R&T PROGRAMME ANNEX III CHAPTER 3 Annex III – Enhanced Geothermal Systems 3.1 Introduction Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) energy technologies have been conceived to extract the natural heat contained in high temperature, water-poor rocks in the earth's crust. Heat is extracted from rock formations that are either too dry or too impermeable to transmit available water at useful rates. Necessary permeability can be created by hydraulic fracturing or stimulation, which involves the high-pressure injection of a fluid into the reservoir to crack and enlarge pre-existing openings. The objective of the Enhanced Geothermal Systems Task is to address new and improved technologies, which can be used to artificially stimulate a geothermal resource to enable commercial heat extraction. The countries and organization that participated in Annex III in 2004 were: Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan, Switzerland, USA and the EC. The Operating Agent for Annex III is the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan. The Task Leader is Isao Matsunaga, AIST, Japan. 3.2 Annex III Subtasks The work undertaken in Annex III is divided among three Subtasks. Note that Subtask A, involving the evaluation of the economics of EGS systems, was successfully completed in 2001. The resulting computer economic model can be downloaded from the Internet at: http://web.mit.edu/hjherzog/www/ A new Subtask directed at pursuing field studies of EGS reservoir performance was proposed by the United States and the EC, and accepted in October 2004. 3.2.1 Subtask B- Application of Conventional Geothermal Technology to Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) (Subtask Leader: Joel Renner, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, USA) Subtask B is aimed at evaluating new and future developments such as horizontal drilling, fracture detection and mapping, and pumping in conventional geothermal energy, and their applications to EGS technology. 3.2.2 Subtask C- Data Acquisition and Processing (Subtask Leader: Thomas Mégel, Geowatt AG, Switzerland) This Subtask involves the collection of information necessary for the realization of a commercial EGS energy producing plant at each stage of reservoir characterization, design and development and of construction and operation. The relevant results and parameter values will be successively collated into a spreadsheet-like synoptic package, ready for use in the decision and design processing or, where necessary, to await further refinement and completion. During the past 30 plus years EGS research projects in various countries has led to particular scientific, technical and organizational knowledge that points the way towards the industrial construction of EGS power plants. It is very important, at this stage of transition from R&D to commercial exploitation, for new project teams to have access to a synthesis of all the basic knowledge and experience acquired to ensure a successful and unimpeded project start. IEA Geothermal R&T Annual Report 2004.doc 23PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2004
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