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1993) persisted even after two years of reservoir dormancy. The most obvious process expected to occur during a long period of reservoir shut-in is temperature recovery at the surfaces of open joints within the reservoir. It thus appears at this time that localized reservoir temperature profiles may have played an important role in the initiation of the sudden flow increase and in its subsequent mitigation. Additional, well-designed flow experiments are required, however, if the effects of pressure, localized temperature, and other factors that may have led to some of the surprising production patterns observed since the close of the LTFT are to be fully understood. TESTING OF THE LOAD-FOLLOWING POTENTIAL OF AN HDR RESERVOIR Introduction. A 6-day cyclic load-following experiment (LFE), conducted in July 1995, has verified that an HDR geothermal reservoir has the capability for a significant, and very rapid, increase in thermal power output upon demand. The objective of this experiment was to study the behavior of the Fenton Hill HDR reservoir in a high-production-backpressure (15.2 MPa) baseload operating condition when there was superimposed a demand for significantly increased power production for a 4-hour period each day In practice, this enhanced production -- an increase of about 65% -- was accomplished by a programmed decrease in the production well backpressure over 4 hours, from an initial value of 15.2 MPa down to about 3.4 MPa. This relatively rapid depressurization of the wellbore during the period of enhanced production resulted in the draining of a portion of the fluid stored in the pressure-dilated joints surrounding the production well. These joints were then gradually reinflated during the following 20-hour period of high-backpressure baseload operation In essence, the HDR reservoir was acting as a fluid capacitor, being discharged for 4 hours and then slowly recharged during the subsequent 20 hours of baseload operation. In this mode of operation, there would be no increase required in the reservoir size or number of wells (the in situ capital investment) for a significant amount of peaking power production for a few hours each day. Therefore, one of the advantages of geothermal load following over other US utility options such as pumped storage or compressed air energy storage (CAES) is that the HDR power plant would be operated during off-peak hours in a baseload mode, with an augmented return on investment compared to these other peaking systems which would normally not be operated during off-peak periods. Of course, the surface power plant and the geofluid reinjection pumps would need to be sized for the peak rate of thermal energy production, adding somewhat to the overall HDR system capital costs when compared to a simple baseload power plant design The geothermal reservoir at LANL’s Fenton Hill HDR test site was most recently flow tested under steady-state conditions for an 8-week period from May through July of 1995 (Brown, 1995). At the end of this period, following 18 days of steady-state operation at a backpressure of 15.2 MPa, the 6-day series of cyclic flow tests was performed. For a period of 4 hours each day, the production flow rate was dramatically increased by a programmed reduction in the surface backpressure at the production well. Collectively, this series of cyclic flow tests is referred to as the load-following experiment (LFE), with the objective of studying the behavior of an HDR reservoir under a simulated demand for enhanced power production for a period of 4 hours each day. The cyclic testing in 1995 followed a previous, shorter, 3-day cyclic test of the Fenton Hill reservoir in May 1993, at the end of the LTFT (Brown, 1994). At that time, 3 daily flow surges were performed to gain an understanding of how an HDR reservoir behaves during cyclic production For that testing, the reservoir had been produced for 16 hours at a very low flow and a 10PDF Image | Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development in the USA
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