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electrical energy using an Expander Turbo Fan Generator (ETFG); as well as to do work on the hybrid hydrodynamic-cycle. The Fluid Force Displacement Gradient is expressed here as ‘delta-P’, and where the renewable energy source is based on fluid derived water column potential energy [FDPE]. This cycle is based on a hybrid hydrodynamic-cycle as an organic water column. There are: Two Steps on the Energy Boundaries diagrams to be explained (by referring to Diagram 1): STEP 1: If energy boundary is drawn around each of the renewable energy source on its natural or ambiance state with a potential energy in existence, the ‘coloured energy boundaries’ for Salinity-Gradients has again its potential energy shown as delta-S, Tidal and Wave in delta-H, Ocean Thermal Gradients in delta-T, Under Sea Current in delta-C; and Hydrodynamic-Cycle system as in delta-P. Now, if the potential energy existing in each of the energy boundaries is now extracted, you would agree that the delta-energy on each boundaries becomes zero. STEP 2: if now, the probes or ports with energy-meter being attached to each of the energy boundaries are now operated: you will see on the Salinity Gradients Energy Boundary (EB) it will indicate Energy Meter (EM) as zero; due to the medium equilibration or it is in a state of equilibrium; this will also be the case with Tidal and Wave where the EM will indicate zero energy; again the same in the case for Ocean Thermal and Under Sea Current the EMs will indicate as zero energy; however on the Hydrodynamic-Cycle energy boundary each Energy Meters will yield a delta-P as the Pressure-force from the water column in the tower is still subjected to gravity and thus ‘ACTIVE’. Each of the Energy Meters will yield a delta-P relative to its heights and when these confined dynamic boundaries are applied in a system, this can be used to do various work. The combination of delta-Ps represents a renewable energy source being applicable in the Hydrodynamic- Power Technology. 3. HYDRODYNAMIC POWER TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES The Hydrodynamic-Cycle process system net resultant is a product of converting hydrostatic pressure potential energy into electrical energy. It applies the same technical methodology as the traditional hydro-dam scheme plants where it converts hydrostatic pressure potential energy into electricity using a turbine coupled generator. The Hydrodynamic-Cycle itself is a process to recycle spent working fluid reformed into a water column where a large hydrostatic potential energy exists. The energy input as the renewable energy source is the fluid recycles derived water column potential energy [FDPE], having 67 times greater potential energy than energy output for doing various works. These process cycles involve confined-boundaries are achieved by applying new innovative mechanical devices and systems. The Hydrodynamic-Cycle process is expressed as the confined-boundaries applied for each work-cycle in the process-system where the hydrostatic pressure boundary changes causes medium equilibration resulting in a force and a velocity presence to do work for each work-cycle. The applied boundary changes defined as dynamic-confined-boundaries, hereby named as Hydrodynamic-Cycle. There is however a distinct differentiation in operation and processes between the traditional hydro-dam scheme and Hydrodynamic-Power technology: 3.1: The concepts of energy storage must be understood that: in hydro-dam and Hydrodynamic-Cycle water storage tower, it is generally called as hydrostatic pressure potential energy storage, that has a similar concept and function to the battery energy storage: where the energy stored depletes until it is re-charged on a one-time basis over a long period charging process; or a continuous basis on a regular sequence charging process. 3.2: Hydro-dam scheme converts hydrostatic pressure potential energy (PE): by using the “Water Mass Depletion to ATM” being released from a high elevation onto a turbine generator and into electrical energy. The power equivalent as a product of PE conversion is expressed as: Power – Q (flow-rate: m3/s) x Head Pressure (in m) x Gravity (m/ss) = KJ/s or kW of as the renewable energy source. The renewable energy source: “primarily” from a diverted river water flows into a storage dam, and “secondary” is water in-flows from rainwater runs-off as to refill or recharges the storage dam. 3.3: Hydrodynamic-Cycle process converts hydrostatic pressure potential energy to electrical energy: using the “Force” actuated by a small water-volume hereby denotes as a ‘working-fluid’ in a close-system into electrical energy, and thus “retention of water mass” (means: “no water mass depletion to ATM”). The power equivalent as a product of PE conversion is expressed as: Power = Force (N) x Velocity (m/s) = KJ/s or kW of electrical energy. The renewable energy source: “primarily” from a pumped-water into a water storage tower/silo of some height from the ground, and “secondary” is: water in- flow from seawater or any source for make-up into storage tower; and the spent working-fluid recycles on each work-cycle which represents only less than 1.5% James Kwok ; Hydrodynamic Power Technology. © Copyright Ing. James Kwok CPEng FIEAust. All Rights ReservedPDF Image | HYDRODYNAMIC POWER TECHNOLOGY
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