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Preliminary Results of Hawaii Kalina Cycle® Feasibility Analysis Dr. Stephen K. Oney, Vice President – OCEES International, Inc. Dr. Oney introduced the concepts of the Kalina Cycle® and its benefits over more traditional Rankine cycle systems. He also emphasized the unique advantages of the multiple working fluid concepts, particularly to low temperature, in waste heat recovery systems. Dr. Oney then addressed the potential waste heat sources initially identified in the Hawaii Kalina Cycle® Feasibility Analysis that OCEES is preparing for DBEDT. He provided some specific examples of promising potential applications and scenarios for Kalina Cycle® waste heat recovery in Hawaii. • The Kalina Cycle® o Binary energy conversion cycle which uses ammonia/water mixture as the working fluid o Variable mixture (concentration changes throughout the cycle) which allows the working fluid to efficiently match the characteristics of the resource Ideal for low temperature/bottoming cycle applications • Ammonia/water safety concerns o Needs to be handled carefully Not classified as hazardous o Less hazardously flammable than more conventional working fluids o Comparatively environmentally benign o Ammonia vents easily, is self-alarming • Single working fluid thermodynamic limitation o Requires significant heat input to overcome change of state (i.e., liquid to vapor) o Binary working fluid allows for incremental increase in temperature for incremental addition of heat • Simplified comparison of Rankine cycle to Kalina Cycle® o Similar components, but the Kalina Cycle® has a distillation/condensation sub-system (D/CSS) which the Rankine cycle does not • There are several operational Kalina Cycle® plants with commercial experience o Canoga Park, California – 6.5 MW o Husavik, Iceland – 2.0 MW (geothermal) o Sumitomo Steel Factory – 3.5 MW (industrial waste heat) • Husavik Geothermal Plant – “First two years” o Demonstrated high reliability (availability rate in the high 90%) o Operates successfully largely unattended o Proved quiet, sturdy with no odor • Energy generation by source in Hawaii (1999) o Petroleum – 78% o Coal–12% o Gas–0.5% o Hydroelectric – 1.5% o Other (i.e., geothermal, wind, biomass, etc.) – 8% 24PDF Image | Innovative Energy Systems Workshop
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