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• Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems: o Economics work best in a niche market approach providing multi-product, optimized systems o Most efficient power cycle available for OTEC temperatures is the Kalina Cycle® • OTEC utilizes the solar radiation incident upon and absorbed by the tropical ocean o Total human energy usage is equivalent to 0.005% of the total energy incident upon the earth’s surface o Nearly 25% of the total solar energy incident upon the earth is absorbed by the tropical ocean This represents the world’s largest and most efficient solar energy collector on the planet Utilizing this energy for total human consumption would still only represent 0.1% of the available energy which is within the noise of the natural system – humans could not begin to impact the system! • Tropical ocean temperature profile o OTEC takes advantage of the same energy which drives the world’s weather systems Weather is driven by the temperature difference occurring between the tropical ocean and arctic oceans over thousands of miles o The same energy is available, vertically, over only 1 kilometer in the tropical ocean The tropical ocean has a mixed surface layer (~ 100 meters) of “warm” water (~ 24 – 30° C) The deep cold water is ~ 4 – 5° C at 1000+meter depths • Hawaiian based research advances in OTEC over the past two decades o Cold water pipe design and installation o Open-Cycle OTEC net power production o Closed-Cycle OTEC demonstration facility o Bio-fouling control in warm water systems o Closed-Cycle aluminum heat exchanger dynamics o Non-condensable gas exchange dynamics o Aquaculture development o Open-Cycle OTEC fresh water production • OTEC economics work best with an integrated multi-product approach in niche markets oOTECpower ® Kalina Cycle power system Can be utilized through electrolysis to produce hydrogen o Desalinated water Potable drinking water Water for agriculture/industrial applications (irrigation) 29PDF Image | Innovative Energy Systems Workshop
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