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which offsets natural gas purchases, is much higher per million BTU than the value of the electricity that could be generated. The project concept was to design a power plant that would operate using surplus geothermal energy and produce marketable electricity when there is reduced market for direct‐use heat. Some of that power would offset electricity used for the district heating pumps; most would be sold to PacifiCorp under a long term Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). Figure 4 shows an estimated district heating system heat load as a function of outdoor air temperature, based on projected load growth in the next 5 years. The source energy devoted to power production is based on a nominal 280 kW unit, with power generation shut down below 30°F to provide adequate thermal energy for the district heating system. 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 District Heating Load Near-Term 0.0 -3 2 7 1217222732374247525762677277828792 Temperature °F Power Greenhouse Snowmelt Buildings Hot Water Figure 4. Projected Klamath Falls District Heating Load, ~2015 3. Technology Alternatives There are three approaches in common usage for converting geothermal energy to electric power. The earliest geothermal power plants used steam from high‐temperature steam‐ dominated resources. The power plants at the geysers geothermal field in California are examples of plants that used hot dry steam to generate power by direct expansion through a steam turbine. High temperature liquid‐dominated geothermal resources can produce power using a flash tank to separate steam from liquid, with the steam run through a steam turbine. For the lowest temperature geothermal resources, the hot geothermal water can be used to boil a refrigerant which is then used to power a turbine or screw expander. This technology is known as an Organic Rankine cycle (or “ORC”) plant. ORC power plants have been used for over thirty years in various geothermal sites, and the technology has been improved during this period. The geothermal resource at Klamath Falls is not hot enough or large enough for direct steam turbine power generation. However, the recent development of compact ORC power plant _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ City of Klamath Falls Evergreen Energy & Brown Engineering Geothermal Power Plant Feasibility Study July 2011 Page 3 Load, 10^6 Btu/hrPDF Image | Klamath Falls, Oregon Geothermal Power Plant Feasibility Study
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