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modules has enabled power production from lower‐temperature resources. In general, these new modular power plants can operate wherever there is a temperature difference of at least 100 to 120°F between the geothermal source and the condensing water. This was demonstrated in Chena Hot Springs in Alaska in 2006 with a 250 kW unit, operating on 160°F geothermal water, with 40°F condensing water. At Oregon Institute of Technology, a 280 kW nominal capacity power plant is operating with 194°F geothermal water, using a cooling tower to produce 50° to 70° condensing water. Modular power plants built using mass production techniques, along with the utilization of standardized chiller equipment components have led to significant cost reductions for some applications. These modules have the potential to reduce the total capital cost of a geothermal power plant, and also reduce the time to complete installation. It is the purpose of this study to determine if such cost reductions would enable a project in Klamath Falls to be economically feasible where purchase power rates are relatively low. 4. System Selection Criteria The primary objective for the City of Klamath Falls geothermal district heating system is to deliver reliable geothermal heat at a competitive cost. Geothermal power generation can be considered to the extent that it can provide increased revenue and does not detract from reliable district heating system operation. With that in mind, the following design criteria were developed for the power plant selection: Minimum Requirements: • Capable of operation on 210°F geothermal resource at 600 to 1400 gallons per minute available flow. • Generator module size of 250 kW to 700 kW. • Allow seasonally adjusted 170°F to 190°F district heating system supply temperature. • Available in the United States. Preferred: • 800 gallons per minute or less design flow to allow operation with only one geothermal production pump. • Ability to utilize 160°F discharge geothermal heat in the power cycle. • Option for dry or hybrid cooling to save water cost for power plant cooling. • Oil‐free and gearbox‐free turbine or expander for reduced maintenance cost. • Refrigerant selection that allows design pressures less than 200 psig for greater safety. • Working units in similar service. 5. Equipment Options: Packaged Power Plant Modules Pratt & Whitney PureCycle 280: The original basis‐of‐design for the project was the PureCyle 280 unit supplied by Pratt & Whitney division of United Technologies Corporation (UTC). This unit is based on the on their chiller/refrigeration technology, which leverages the manufacturing and cost efficiencies of that high‐volume industry. The unit has a gross power _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ City of Klamath Falls Evergreen Energy & Brown Engineering Geothermal Power Plant Feasibility Study July 2011 Page 4PDF Image | Klamath Falls, Oregon Geothermal Power Plant Feasibility Study
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