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resource temperatures of 250°F and higher. The direct‐drive turbine‐expander is a positive feature, but the unit does not meet the temperature and size requirements for the Klamath Falls project. Opcon Power Box: A Swedish company called Opcon makes an ORC module called a Power Box. With a peak rating of 800 kW and a compact size equivalent to that of a shipping container, the product is very attractive. However, we found that it is not yet available for use in America. 6. Equipment Options: Custom Designed Power Plants In addition to the commercially produced modules described above, two companies have substantial experience with the fabrication of custom‐designed ORC power plants Ormat Technologies Inc.: Ormat has been the industry leader in ORC equipment for many years. They are well established in the geothermal market, and have typically constructed units larger than that envisioned for the city of Klamath Falls. When contacted by the investigators for the Klamath Falls project, they declined to provide a proposal for a combined heat‐power project in this size range. Turbine Air Systems: TAS fabricates custom ORC systems to meet the specific energy resource available. TAS is located in the Houston, Texas area, and has been responsive to inquiries about their product line. However, the plants they have built are substantially larger than envisioned for the city of Klamath Falls, and they did not provide a specific proposal. SelfDesigned Custom Power Plant. As an alternative to commercially available modular or custom power plants, the investigators considered designing a custom power plant specifically optimized for the requirements of the Klamath Falls geothermal district heating system. The power plant could incorporate all the required and preferred design criteria except having existing working units in similar service. Specific design features included: • • • • Variable‐geometry turbine expander, direct coupled to a high‐speed frictionless magnetic bearing, variable‐speed generator. o The turbine‐generator assembly would be hermetically sealed, with no gearbox or oil system, thus reducing oil system maintenance. o Variable turbine geometry and variable speed generator operation allow modulated capacity to match power production with district heating system requirements. The power plant would be designed with one or two generators, providing 350 kW or 700 kW gross capacity. A preheat heat exchanger would be included in the refrigerant circuit, utilizing 160°F discharge geothermal water to provide about 25% to 30% of the heat input to the power cycle. The plant could be designed for an air‐cooled or hybrid air/water cooled condenser. However, the investigators found that a water cooled unit with a standard cooling tower was more cost effective for this project. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ City of Klamath Falls Evergreen Energy & Brown Engineering Geothermal Power Plant Feasibility Study July 2011 Page 6PDF Image | Klamath Falls, Oregon Geothermal Power Plant Feasibility Study
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