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R134A. This is the same non toxic, environmentally safe refrigerant used in modern auto air conditioning systems and home refrigerators. The efficiency of the power plant is principally determined by the difference in the temperatures between which it operates; the temperature of the boiler and the temperature of the condenser. The larger the temperature difference, the higher the plant efficiency. Boiler temperature is determined by the geothermal resource temperature and the condenser temperature is determined by the cooling source water temperature. Both the geothermal resource and the cooling water temperatures are critical to plant performance. However, even with careful design; the overall plant efficiencies are low. The plant efficiency may be 10% or less in the temperature range likely at Lakeview. Stating it another way about 90% of the heat delivered to the machine is eventually rejected to the atmosphere and 10% converted to electricity. Efficiently rejecting the large amount of heat necessary requires careful design on the cooling side of the plant so as to minimize the electrical consumption by cooling towers, pumps and fans. The potential Lakeview project has several options available for cooling (well water, a cooling tower or a combination of the two) and selection of the best approach in terms of cost and net electricity production would constitute an important part of the design. The development of a small geothermal power plant in Lakeview could take advantage of several key elements unavailable at other sites. The well providing geothermal water to the Warner Creek Correctional Facility has excess capacity and could provide the necessary heat source for the plant, thus eliminating the risk associated with resource development at an undeveloped site. The effluent from the power plant, likely in the 145° to 165°F range, would be used for the correctional facility heating. Cooling water from an existing well is available to meet at least part of the cooling needs of the plant, reducing or eliminating costs associated with cooling towers. Interconnection facilities with electric utility systems are in close proximity to the project site. Please see the Site Plan in the Appendix. All of these factors tend to result in a far more favorable development setting than is typically the case. Power Capacity A heat engine operating between two given temperatures is subject to a Carnot efficiency of, Efficiency =T1- T2/T1, with T1 our geothermal temperature of 206° F and T2 being our cooling water temperature from the Town’s cold well at 59°F. Changing the temperatures to the Rankine scale and solving the equation gives Efficiency = 1- 519/666 or 22%. Since this does not include any losses, friction, etc. our efficiency will be less than the maximum possible of 22%. With lower water temperature resources such as the Town’s (206°F) power generation efficiencies are generally found to be less than 10%. (Rafferty, 2000). Assuming 7.0% efficiency, a binary plant would require 325 gpm of 206° resource water to generate 200 kilowatt hours of power. As per the following: Lakeview Geothermal Power Generation Facility Feasibility Study 4PDF Image | LAKEVIEW GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION FACILITY FEASIBILITY
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