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through a piping circuit within the tower and water is sprayed over the outside of the piping providing the cooling effect – thus the “closed” term describing these towers. As a result of this arrangement it is necessary to have separate cooling water pumps in the tower to circulate the water through spray nozzles which distribute the water over the piping. Just as in open type towers, fans are used to move large volumes of air though the tower to carry away the evaporated water and provide the cooling effect. Closed type cooling towers are often used in applications where it is important to limit cooling water chemistry problems that might occur if the process water was exposed to the air. These towers are also useful in very cold climates as the water circulation can be discontinued under freezing conditions and the tower operated in a dry mode to produce low temperature cooling water. Due to the presence of the auxiliary spray pumps, electric power requirements for closed towers under peak conditions are higher than for open towers. Fan power is also higher for closed towers due to the resistance to air flow imposed by the piping through which the process water flows. To employ a cooling tower of any kind with a small power plant, a pump is required to circulate the cooling water from the plant condenser, to the cooling tower and back to the condenser. In the calculations for both open and closed towers it has been assumed that the flow in the condenser circuit is 800 gpm and the cooling water pump is sized for a total head of 40’ resulting in a brake horse power (bhp) of 12.4 and an electrical load of 10.5 kW assuming a motor efficiency of 90%. One of the advantages of using cooling towers in comparison to a fixed temperature cooling source, such as well water, is the towers are able to produce lower temperature cooling water in the colder portions of the year. To some extent this colder water can compensate for the higher electricity usage of tower pumps and fans by allowing the power plant to operate at higher output in the colder portions of the year. Normal practice is to limit exit cooling water from the tower to a minimum of 45°F. The calculations here assume a minimum 38°F water temperature to maximize power plant performance. This lower temperature operation would require somewhat greater care and oversight in cold weather to prevent freezing. On the negative side, the towers, in addition to increased electricity requirements, also incur higher maintenance costs. These costs result from both mechanical maintenance on the equipment and water treatment necessary for the avoidance of corrosion and scaling in the towers. The following table outlines the annual performance calculations for the closed tower approach. The tower was selected for a two cell arrangement with each cell equipped with a 37.5 hp fan and a 7.5 hp spray pump for a total electricity load at peak conditions of 90hp (74.6kW). This two cell tower would be capable of producing exiting cooling water of 68°F at the peak conditions (62°F WB air). Lakeview Geothermal Power Generation Facility Feasibility Study 7PDF Image | LAKEVIEW GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION FACILITY FEASIBILITY
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