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Figure 2-8: Photo of the heated, but un-recuperated, Brayton Loop. The foreground shows the heaters, the back ground shows the modified S-CO2 test loop with the turbomachine configured as a turbo-alternator-compressor. 2.3 Summary of Loop Operating Conditions Near the Critical Point The Temperature-Entropy (T-S) path that the CO2 fluid takes in the gas chiller, the compressor and the recuperator is shown as a green dashed line in Figure 2-9. The green dots indicate the approximate temperature-entropy state points at the chiller inlet, the main compressor inlet and the compressor outlet. The T-S figure shows the lines of constant pressure. For convenience the lines of constant density are also shown as short red lines. On the right side of the saturation curve the fluid is more vapor like and the densities are on the order of 15% to 30% the density of water. In contrast on the left side of the dome (saturation curve) the fluid densities are more liquid like, 65%-80% the density of water. In the compression process (vertical dotted green line), even though the pressure ratio is 1.8, the density changes only by 10% (from 0.608 kg/liter to 0.670 kg/liter). This “near-incompressibility” coupled with the high fluid density causes the power in the compressor to be low compared to an ideal gas. This very low power in the main compressor is one of the main reasons why the supercritical Brayton cycle achieves high efficiency. Another important non-ideal gas property is the large increase in heat capacity that occurs near the critical point. The process of vaporization that occurs below the critical temperature (31°C or 88°F) is still occurring above the “dome” (saturation curve). The heat of vaporization now shows up in the single phase region as a large increase in heat capacity. There are also large decreases in 20PDF Image | Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle
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