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Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle

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Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle ( operation-and-analysis-supercritical-co2-brayton-cycle )

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5.2 High Speed Spin Test Spin Test 22, (October 17, 2008), had a peak shaft speed of 65,000 rpm and pumped 5.25 lb/s (2.4 kg/s) at a compressor inlet of 92.6°F (306.8 K) and 1154 psia (7956 kPa). The maximum measured pressure ratio was 1.58 and the measured motor power was 53 kWe. Power level, compressor outlet temperature, pressure values, and other compressor performance values agree well with the predicted performance maps that were generated by Barber Nichols for these operating speeds (rotor windage losses are included). The results also agree with the Sandia mean-line flow analysis compressor model. The early agreement between models and measurements provides early confirmation of the design basis and performance predictions for the system. More detailed plots of the measured data are shown in Figure 5-7 and Figure 5-8. Figure 5-7 shows the measured shaft speed (blue, rpm), power (magenta, W), and mass flow rate (green, lb/s). The mass flow was measured by the Coriolis flow meter. Before the test began, the gas chiller flow was started, and the orifice control valve was set to a fixed open fraction. The test began by starting the motor/controller and rapidly increasing speed to 10,000 rpm. The shaft speed was kept at this speed for several minutes to allow the loop to approach steady-state conditions. During this time the gas booster pumps were turned on to reduce the gas pressure in the rotor cavity. The reduced cavity pressure provides two functions. First it provides cooling to the bearings, and second it reduces the windage losses on the rotor. Once equilibrium temperatures were reached the shaft speed was increased in increments of 10,000 or 5,000 rpm. At each shaft speed the compressor outlet temperature was allowed to approach steady-state conditions before going to the next shaft speed. The test was stopped after reaching 65,000 rpm to allow Sandia and Barber-Nichols to evaluate the performance of the turbomachinery and the loop before proceeding to the final 75000 rpm. A peak power of 53 kWe was measured in the motor controller, and a peak mass flow rate of 5.25 kg/s (2.38 kg/s) was measured by the Coriolis flow meter. The Coriolis flow meter also provides a real time measure of the compressor inlet density. This measurement shows that the inlet density remains constant (as expected) at 35.5 lb/ft3 (0.567 kg/liter) regardless of the shaft speed. Figure 5-8 shows the measured pressures and shaft speed as a function of time during this test. The compressor exit pressure P500 is shown as the purple curve while the dark blue line shows the static pressure at the tip of the compressor blade (P100). The inlet pressure (P400) is the cyan curve. Knowing the static pressure at the compressor tip and the total pressure at the compressor exit allows one to estimate the CO2 velocity at the exit of the wheel, which helps confirm the compressor performance. The CO2 fluid velocity was on the order of 85 m/s and the tip speed was 125 m/s. 50

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