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5.5.1 Measured Labyrinth Leakage Flow Rates The previous section described some of the estimates that were made to determine leakage flow rates and to estimate windage losses prior to manufacturing the loop. This section describes the results from a test that measured the actual leakage flow. In this test (CBC_081201_1420), the shaft speed was varied in steps from 10,000 rpm to 40,0000 rpm while the rotor cavity pressure was held nearly constant at ~500 psia, see Figure 5-19. (A similar tests to 65,000 rpm was also performed.) In these tests an Endress+Hauser ProMass 83M Coriolis flow meter was used to directly measure the leakage flow rate that was scavenged by the gas booster Haskel pumps. Figure 5-19 shows that the compressor inlet pressure (P400, cyan curve) varied from 1050 - 1100 psia while the gas rotor cavity pressure (Pdrain) slowly changing from 500-580 psia (brown curve). The data in Figure 5-19 plus the measured temperatures of the drain lines was used to compare the predicted flow rate with the measured flow rate. These results are shown in Figure 5-20. The measured leakage flow rate (LeakageFlow1) is shown as the brown line in Figure 5-20, and the predicted flow rate using the Martin correlation (Leakage Martin, red curve). This figure also shows the measured data, including compressor inlet pressure (P400), rotor cavity or drain pressure(Pdrain/1000), main compressor flow rate (MassFlow/10, magenta) and compressor inlet density (Density/100, cyan). Notice that the leakage flow rate is not sensitive to shaft speed. Other tests show that the leakage flow is primarily sensitive to the flow area, the inlet pressure and density, and very weakly to the rotor cavity pressure. The red curve shows the predicted flow rate using a measured 0.004” gap between the shaft and the labyrinth teeth using the Martin correlation though other correlations would work equally well (Egli16, and Vermes17). The agreement is reasonable, and would only require a small increase in the gap thickness to predict the observed value. (Similarly a small change in the upstream pressure to the orifice would also increase the predicted flow rate.) At this time the oscillations in the measured leakage flow rate are not understood, but it is believed to be caused by fact that the flow meter is measuring a two-phase fluid. 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 45000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 SCO2 Compression Loop Pressure CBC_081201_1420.csv 00 13700 13800 13900 14000 14100 14200 14300 14400 Time(s) Figure 5-19: Measured pressures and shaft speed in compression loop test CBC_081201_1420. The test was designed to measure leakage flow rates and thrust load as a function of shaft speed for near constant rotor cavity pressure (Pdrain). 68 P100 P300 P301 P400 P500 Pdrain RPM1 Pressure (psia) RPMPDF Image | Operation and Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle
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