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466 T. Coumaressin & K. Palaniradja 1πdL(T −T)d⎛d⎞ It is given by P =φP +(1−φ)P nf p bf 6.2.2 Isobaric specific heat of nano fluid = i av,ref wall − i ln⎜ o ⎟ (7) h Q=mwCw(Tmo −Twi) 2k ⎝di⎠ mw = Cooling water mass flow rate, Twi = Inlet temperature of water, K Two = outlet temperature of water, K Tav,ref = Average temperature of refrigerant, K Twall = average temperature of tube wall, K Di = inner diameter of refrigerant tube, m Do = outer diameter of refrigerant tube, m L = evaporator length. m Cw = Specific heat of water. kJ/kg K K = evaporator tube thermal conductivity , Kw/m K 6.2 Evaluation of the properties of the nano fluid Q The important parameters which influence the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids are its properties which include thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat and density. These properties of nano fluids are pre requisites for estimation of heat transfer coefficient using the FLUENT software 6.2.1 Density of nano fluid The base fluid is R134a refrigerant. The density of the nano fluid (R134a – Cuonano particles) for different concentrations of Cuo particles is developed by Pak and cho. Specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of nano fluids by one degree centigrade. 6.2.3 Thermal conductivity of nano fluid Maxwell – Eucken. [(1+2φ)(1−(kbf /kcuo))/(2(kbf /kcuo)+1)] knf=kbf{ [(1−φ(1−(Kbf/kcuo))/((Kbf/kcuo+1)]} (11) Cpnf =φCp +(1−φ)Cbf (10) The equation for calculating thermal conductivity is given below; it is developed by (8) (9) 6.2.4 Viscosity of nano fluid The equation for calculating the Viscosity of the nano fluid given by Einstein is given below μnf =μbf(1+2.5φ) (12)PDF Image | Performance Analysis of a Refrigeration System Using Nano Fluid
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