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In the TRNSYS model with storage it is assumed that the solar field will be expanded from the current size of 10300 m2 to 18800 m2. During daytime the solar field directly powers the ORC, as before, but excess energy collected by the solar field is stored in the thermocline for later delivery to the ORC after sunset. The annual turbine output predicted by TRNSYS is 3690 MWh; this is equivalent to an annual efficiency of 7.9% and capacity factor of 42%. The annual efficiency of the plant with storage is predicted to be very similar to plant without storage. An insight gleaned from the analysis is that the storage size proposed by NEXANT is nearly optimal and only small improvements in annual energy production are possible through design and operation changes. For example, if storage volume is increased by 50% to avoid the discard of excess thermal energy collected by the solar field, annual output only increases by 60 MWh. A second change investigated with the TRNSYS model was to increase the temperature when tank charging ceases from the proposed value of 225 oC to 250 oC. During tank charging, 300 oC oil from the solar field enters the top of the tank and much cooler oil exits the bottom of the tank and returns to the solar field. As the tank becomes fully charged, the oil exiting the bottom starts to rise. The original proposal suggested that oil exit temperature should be limited to 225 oC when the tank is fully charged. However, the TRNSYS simulation indicates that relaxing this restriction to 250 oC will increase annual electricity production by only 20 MWh. And finally, if we combine an increase in storage of ~20% with a 250 oC setpoint, the total improvement is only 60 MWh, the same as the first design variation of increasing the storage volume by 50%. As such, we conclude the original size of storage proposed by NEXANT is nearly optimal. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK A TRNSYS model of the 1 MW Saguaro solar trough plant has been developed. The model is capable of predicting the time-dependent flows and temperatures within the solar field and proposed thermocline storage system, as well as the power produced by the organic Rankine cycle power block. Analysis conducted with the model indicates that the proposed thermocline energy storage system should work well and only small annual performance improvements are possible through changes to its design and operation. The Saguaro plant began operation in late December, 2005. Actual performance data from the plant in the non- storage configuration is now becoming available. The non- storage version of the TRNSYS model will be validated with the actual data. Following validation, the TRNSYS analysis of the plant with the proposed thermocline storage system will be updated and the analysis will help APS and DOE decide whether energy storage should be pursued at Saguaro in the future. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Nate Blair (NREL) provided frequent and invaluable advice on the quirks of TRNSYS. With his help the beauty of the code was revealed. REFERENCES 1. Sargent and Lundy, Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts, SL-5641, May 2003. http://www.nrel.gov/csp/pdfs/34440.pdf 2. Price, Hank, E. Lupfert, D. Kearney, E. Zarza, G. Cohen, R. Gee, and R. Mahoney, “Advances in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Technology,” Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 124, pp. 109-125, May 2002. 3. Kelly, Bruce, “Arizona Public Service Solar Power Plant Saguaro Power Plant Thermal Storage Design Options,” Nexant under contract to NREL, 2004, internal report. 4. Kelly, Bruce, “Technical Specification for the Thermocline Thermal Storage Tank, Arizona Public Service Saguaro Project, Rev. 0,” Nexant under contract to NREL, October, 1, 2004, internal report. 5. University of Wisconsin, Solar Energy Laboratory, TRNSYS Version 15.3 with IISiBat, March 18, 2003. 6. Personal communication with Nathan Blair (NREL) and Peter Schwarzboezl (German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institut of Technical Thermodynamics), Spring 2005. 7. Price, Hank and Vahab Hassani, Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/TP-550-31240, January 2002. 8. Natural Energy Engineering, Technical Description 1 MW APS Solar Trough Power Plant Project, Document No.: SOL002-01-SD-8-01, Rev. 3, internal report. 9. SolarPACES, Solar Thermal Electric Components (STEC), version 2.2., http://www.solarpaces.org/STEC.HTM 10. Pacheco, J., S. Showalter, and W. Kolb, “Development of a Molten-Salt Thermocline Thermal Storage System for Parabolic Trough Plants,” Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Vol. 124, pp. 1-7, May 2002. 11. McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company, 10 MWe Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant Mode 5 (Test 1150) and Mode 6 (Test 1160) Test Report, SAND86- 8175, contractor report, June 1986. 12. Faas, S. E., L. Thorne, E. Fuchs, and N. Gilbertsen, 10 MWe Solar Thermal Central Receiver Pilot Plant: Thermal Storage Subsystem Evaluation – Final Report, Sandia National Laboratories, SAND86-8212, June 1986. 13. Canada, Scott, D. A. Brosseau and H. Price, “Design and Construction of the APS 1-MWE Parabolic Trough Power Plant,” Proceedings of the ISEC2006, July 8-13, 2006, Denver, CO. 5 Copyright © 2006 by ASMEPDF Image | PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THERMOCLINE ENERGY STORAGE
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