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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Costs and lifespan Today, the costs of offshore wind farms strongly depend on their location i.e. the distance from the coast and the water depth. The investment for the offshore wind farm “Horns Rev” in Denmark which consists of 80 wind turbines with 2 MW per wind turbine amounts to about 268 million € (1,675 €/kW). The water depth at “Horns Rev” is about 6.5 to 13.5 m and the distance from the coast adds up to 17 km. The investment for the offshore wind farm “Alpha Ventus” (5 MW per wind turbine, 12 wind turbines, 45 km distance from the coast of the island Borkum in Germany, 30 m water depth) amounted to about 250 million € (~4,200€/kW) [Alpha Ventus 2010]. Table 1: Technical and economic data of existing offshore wind farms In oper- ation No. of turbines MW/ turbine Invest- ment [million€] Specific invest- ment [€/kW] Distance from coast [km] Water depth [m] Middlegrunden (DK) Horns Rev I (DK) Sams∅ (DK) North Hoyle (UK) Nysted (DK) Scroby Sands (UK) Kentich Flat (UK) Burbo Bank (UK) Lillgrunden (S) Robin Rigg (UK) Alpha Ventus (D) 2001 20 2002 80 2003 10 2003 30 2004 72 2004 30 2005 30 2007 24 2007 48 2009 60 2010 12 2 49.2 2 268 2.3 30 2 121 2.3 248 2 121 3 159 3.6 181 2.3 197 3 492 5 250 1,230 1,675 1,304 2,017 1,498 2,017 1,767 2,095 1,784 2,733 4,200 * 3 5-10 14-20 6.6- 13.5 3.5 20 6 12 6 5-9.5 2.5 4-8 8-10 5 7 2-8 10 4-10 9.5 5 45 30 * Newly developed (first sale) wind turbines and foundations in deep waters According to [SET-PLAN 2009] the investment for offshore wind power climbed from 2,200 €/kW in 2007 to 2,490 €/kW in 2008 and to 3,560 €/kW in 2009 due to supply-chain limitations. Another reason for the increase of specific investment probably is that new offshore windfarms are often built in deep water and at long distances from the coast and therefore require new technologies. It is expected, however, that the required investment will decrease to about 1,200 €/kW in 2030 [EWEA 2008]. According to [SET-Plan 10/2009] the specific investment of offshore wind farms and the maintenance costs are expected to decrease by 20% until 2020. Today wind turbines are designed for a lifetime of 20 years. However, the lifetime could be longer i.e. 30 years. Offshore wind farms which are designed for a lifetime of at least 25 years already exist [Neue Energie 2010]. IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 2 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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