PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 029
Assessment of Potential and Promotion of New Generation of Renewable Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Coal fuelled steam turbine power stations can follow fluctuations between 38 and 100% load within about 15 minutes. Natural gas fuelled combined cycle power plants can be operated between 33 (minimum load) and 100% load within 12 minutes. Gas turbines can follow the fluctuations between 20 and 100% within 4 minutes [Hundt 2009]. 1.2. Photovoltaics The following technologies will be addressed: • Mono crystalline Silicon: e.g. efficiency > 20%, wafer thickness < 150 μm • Multi crystalline Silicon: e.g. wafer thickness < 150 μm • Film fed growth (String Ribbon, EFG-Si) • Thin-film (amorphous Silicon, micro crystalline Silicon, CdTe, CIS, CIGS, CIGSSe etc.) • Organic photovoltaics (OPV, such as dye ink cells etc.) • Concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) Foreseen developments and research areas: • Thin-film PV: – Line-production processes (“roll-to-roll”, not batch) – Resource availability of rare earth elements vis-à-vis target markets • OPV: efficiency, life-time, and production processes • Micro-cells with integrated micro-electronics or energy storage, e.g. for special applications • Micro-inverters on single cells (Sandia National Laboratories) or single modules (Enecsys) for small-scale/special applications 1.2.1. General Costs According to [SET-Plan 10/2009] it is expected that the specific investment for a turnkey conventional, non-concentrated photovoltaic (PV) system will decrease to less than 1,500 €/kWp5 by 2020 (concentrated PV systems: 2,000 €/kWp). Environmental issues Similar to other electronic devices the production of photovoltaic panels can lead to detrimental environmental impacts during the several stages of the manufacturing process. The polysilicon manufacturer Luoyang Zhonggui Technology, located in China’s Henan province, dumped the toxic by-product silicon tetrachloride (SCl4) liquid on surrounding farmland instead of recycling it back to the process [Washington Post 2008]. As this and similar cases show, certification might be required to avoid environmental impacts of the production of photovoltaic panels including upstream processes, especially if the photovoltaic panels are imported from outside the EU. 5 kW peak (kWp) means the electricity output at standard test conditions (STC): irradiation = 1000 W/m2, cell temperature = 25°C, solar spectral irradiance at air mass (AM) 1.5 IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 5 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
PDF Search Title:
Policy Department Renewable TechnologiesOriginal File Name Searched:
IPOL_ITRE_ET(2010)440278_EN.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)