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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy ____________________________________________________________________________________________ The technical electricity generation potential of CSP within the EU is indicated with about 2,240 TWh [MED-CSP 2005] (67% of today’s electricity demand). If only areas with a solar irradiation (DNI) of at least 2,000 kWh per m2 and year were taken into account, about 1,450 TWh of electricity could be generated per year [MED-CSP 2005] (44% of today’s electricity demand). According to [SET-Plan 10/2009] up to 3% of the electricity in the EU will be produced by concentrating solar power (CSP) by 2020. Both parabolic trough concentrators, fresnel collector based CSP and solar towers also require relatively flat land, i.e. less than 1% slope for one solar field is desirable [SET-Plan 2009] 1.3.2. Parabolic trough Long rows of parabolic reflectors concentrate the sun by 70 to 100 times onto a heat- collection element (HCE) placed along the reflector’s focal line. The sun is tracked around one axis, typically oriented north-south. The HCE consists of an inner steel pipe, coated with a solarselective surface and an outer glass tube, with vacuum in between. A heat- transfer fluid – in general oil – is circulated through the steel pipe and heated to around 390°C. The hot fluid from numerous rows of troughs is passed through a heat exchanger to generate steam for a conventional steam turbine generator. Figure 3: Parabolic trough system at the Plataforma Solar de Almería in Spain Source: Image LBST Concentrating solar power (CSP) stations based on parabolic trough have been in operation for more than 20 years in California, USA. Recently in Spain new CSP plants have been constructed. About 1,800 MWe are under construction in Spain capable to generate about 6 TWh of electricity per year (assumption: all plants with thermal storage). The CSP plants in Spain have a thermal storage to increase the equivalent full load period. The advantage of CSP is that thermal storage can be applied to increase the equivalent full load period. Costs and lifespan The investment for the CSP plant “Andasol” with a capacity of 50 MWe per unit amounts to 250 to 300 million € per unit including thermal storage (5,000-6,000 €/kWe). Increasing the capacity from 50 MWe to 200 MWe could decrease the investment and as a result the electricity generation costs by more than 20% [Schott 2006]. IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 14 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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