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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 5: Overview of variouis biogas upgrading technologies Criteria Physical scrubbing Chemical scrubbing Adsorption Membranes PWS Genosorb MEA DEA PSA Pre-treatment No (4) No (4) Yes (4) Yes (4) Yes (4) n.d.a. Pressure [MPa] 0.5-0.9 0.4-0.7 0.1 4) 0.1 4) 0.5-3,2 0.6-4.0 CH4 loss [%] 1-2 2-4 (4) <0.1 (4) <0.1 (4) 1-2 (1) 6-10 (2), (4) 1.5-3 (3), (5) CH4 content product gas [%] >97 >96 >99 (4) >99 (4) >97 >97 Electricity consumption [kWh/(Nm3 crude biogas)] 0.25 (4) 0.30 (6) 0.24-0.33 (4) 0.13 (6) <0.15 (4) 0.13 (6) <0.15 (4) 0.25 (4), (6) 0.15-0.30 (7) 0.50 (6) Temperature [°C] - 55-80 160 160 - - Operation range [% full load] 50-100 50-100 50-100 50-100 ±10-15% Number of plants >20 (4) 2 (4) 3 (4) 1 (4) >20 (4) 2 (5) (1) CarboTech (2) QuestAir (3) 2-stage process (4) Markterhebung 2007-2008; Fraunhofer Institut Umwelt-, Sicherheits-, Energietechnik (UMSICHT), April 2008 (5) Technische Universität Wien, Institut für Verfahrenstechnik, Umwelttechnik und Technische Biowissenschaften; 2009; http//bio.methan.at (6) Schulte-Schulze Berndt, A., CarboTech Engineering GmbH: Biogasaufbereitung mit der Druckwechseladsorption; 6. Hanauer Dialog “Biogasaufbereitung zu Biomethan”; Kassel, 21.02.2008 (7) Calculation (2-stage compression from 0.1 to 0.6 MPa or 3-stage compression from 0.1 to 4.0 MPa, compressor effiency: 75%, efficiency electric motor: 90%, compression of cruce biogas and compression of the permeate because of 2-stage membrane separation) Forseen developments and research areas Biogas upgrading based on pressurised water scrubbing and pressure swing adsorption are mature technologies. Chemical scrubbing processes are state-of-the-art in large plants for the chemical industry and for natural gas processing. Upgrading via membrane separation is still in the research and development stage. Estimated potential and their EU deployment The potential for upgraded biogas depends on the potential for biogas in general which is much more limited than the technical potential for wind power, photovoltaics and concentrating solar power (CSP). The technical potential for upgraded biogas from wet and dry manure, from sewage plants and from municipal waste, ranges between 500 and 1,000 PJ (140-280 TWh) per year (based on a calculation by LBST). IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 18 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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