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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Figure 5: Simplified process scheme of the production of synthetic hydrocarbons via gasification and downstream Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis Gasification Syngas clean up Water Separation FT synthesis C1-C4 Biomass (250°C, 2,5 MPa) CO, H2 Heavy paraffins Flash Water H2 C1-C4 Rectification Steam /air Source: LBST compilation Naphtha Kerosene Gasoil (Diesel) Hydrocracking (300-350°C, 3 - 5 MPa) An alternative to the FT synthesis is the generation of synthetic transportation fuels via methanol route. The generation of synthesis gas via gasification is followed by a methanol synthesis step. The methanol is converted to synthetic transportation fuel (gasoline, diesel) via the so-called MtSynfuels process. The advantage of the MtSynfuels process compared to the FT synthesis is that the naphtha can be used directly as a fuel for Otto engines without any further upgrading (RON 92) [Lurgi 2004]. Costs and lifespan Until now only pilot and demonstration plants exist (e.g. in Freiberg, Germany). The typical capacity of a commercial BTL plant amounts to about 500 MWth (biomass input), generating about 200 MW of liquid hydrocarbons (BTL). The biomass requirement of such a plant would amount to about 0.7 million t of dry substance per year. The investment amounts to about 600 million € [dena 2006]. Energy efficiency and environmental performance At a hydrocarbon chain growth probability of 0.90 an efficiency of about 42%, based on the lower heating value (LHV) can be archieved [dena 2006], [Hamelinck 2004]. Furthermore, excess electricity is generated. Foreseen developments and research areas BTL plants are still in the state of research and development. One main research issue is the development of gasifier technologies including components for product gas clean-up which operates with a high reliability for many years. Estimated potential and their EU deployment A demonstration plant with a capacity of about 50 MWth (bomass input) is located in Freiberg in Saxony in Germany. In [CONCAWE 2007] the potential for BTL was assessed taking the competing use of biomass for heat and electricity generation into account. IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 20 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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