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Assessment of Potential and Promotion of New Generation of Renewable Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Estimated potential of their EU deployment In [CONCAWE 2007] the potential for BTL was assessed taking the competing use of biomass for heat and electricity generation into account. The potential of BTL amounts to about 800 PJ per year (about 6% of today`s demand of road transportation fuel in the EU). 1.4.5. Algae-base bioenergy Algae-based bioenergies have not been within the scope of this study. However, there is a new rush of discussions on the promises of algae. Algae for high-value food and material uses – e.g. for proteins, pharmaceuticals, and ‘green chemistry’ – is ‘commercial’ with the technology that is available today. For biogas that is derived from algae-biomass, which in turn is fed with CO2 from the biogas and CHP plants’ exhaust gases, the current state is ‘pilot’ with a view to ‘pre- commercial’. For algae-derived biofuels, the current state is ‘pilot’, however, in order to advance the technology, basic R&D is still needed, e.g. in the field of suitable algae-strains versus cultivation technology and management, microalgae harvesting, and algae-oil extraction. 1.5. Ocean Current, Wave and Tidal Power from the ocean can be extracted from currents, tides or waves. Temperature and salinity differences can be used for electricity generation, too. All forms of ocean power generate electricity by converting water’s kinetic or thermal energy into mechanical energy to drive a turbine or pump. The following technologies will e.g. be addressed: • Oscillating Water Column (OWC) • Seawave Slot-Cone converter (SSG) • Horizontal and vertical ocean current turbines • Pelamis Wave Energy Converter • Wave dragon Ocean concepts between design and scale model testing (tank or ocean testing) phases. Some technologies have the potential to become mainstream energy technologies and are now in the demonstration phase. However, a few concepts (e.g. Pelamis Wave Energy Converter) are in the state of early commercialisation. One form of ocean power, the ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), can be put to secondary uses such as air conditioning, chilled-soil agriculture (which allows plants from temperate zones to grow in the tropics) and aquaculture. Desalinated water can be a by-product of some ocean power installations. 1.5.1. General Cost and lifespan Because most ocean power technologies are not mature yet (they are in best case in the pre-commercial stage), there is a big variability of concepts and only a few commercial scale prototypes are available. Since the installations are exposed to a hostile environment (storms, corrosion by sea water, etc.) the prototypes are often constructed to be extra robust (e.g. triple wall thickness) resulting in higher production costs. power is mostly in the stage of research and development. There are numerous IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 23 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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