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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy ____________________________________________________________________________________________ There is also a lack of experience on operating and maintenance costs of commercial scale ocean power except for tidal power plants installed at a barrage. These factors hinder the reliable calculation of the costs of electricity generation. Energy efficiency and environmental performance Environmental issues raised by ocean power applications [DOE 2009]: • Alteration of current and wave strengths and directions • Alteration of substrates and sediment transport and deposition • Alteration of habitats for benthic organisms • Noise during construction and operation • Generation of electromagnetic fields • Toxicity of paints, lubricants, and antifouling coatings • Interference with animal movements and migrations, including entanglement • Strike by rotor blades or other moving parts The magnitude of the environmental impacts can vary from individual injuries to ecosystem level effects. Further research is needed to specify the consequences and dimensions of all possible impacts. Forseen developments and research areas Challenges to ocean power technologies: • High costs of service and maintenance at the open sea (coastal maintenance more simple/cheap) • Corrosion and impact of salty water on all moving or non-moving parts (e.g. “wet” or “dry” turbines) • Accrescence of the devices by aquatic flora & fauna • The electricity generation costs area by all concepts too high • The anchorage (mooring system) of the devices is potential weak point (e.g. danger of ripping what raises actuarial questions) • The device has to be able to survive storm damage and saltwater corrosion. Likely sources of failure include seized bearings, broken welds, and snapped mooring lines. Hence, designers may create prototypes that are so overbuilt that materials costs prohibit affordable production. • In terms of socio-economic challenges, wave farms can result in the displacement of commercial and recreational fishermen from productive fishing grounds, can change the pattern of beach sand nourishment, and may represent hazards to safe navigation. Estimated potential of their EU deployment There are many challenges that have to be overcome before ocean power can make a significant contribution to the EU electricity supply and reach large-scale commercialisation. The global wave power theoretical potential has been estimated to be around 1,000- 10,000 GW, which is the same order of magnitude as the world electrical energy consumption. IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 24 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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