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Assessment of Potential and Promotion of New Generation of Renewable Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ The best wave climates, with annual average power levels between 20-70 kW/m of wave front or higher, are found in the temperate zones (30-60 degrees latitude) where strong storms occur [Brooks 2010]. Until now there are no reliable estimates for the proportion of ocean energy potential which can be utilised (technical potentials). 1.5.2. Ocean power based on ocean currents Technologies based on ocean currents (tidal and other ocean currents) convert the kinetic energy associated with moving water into electricity. Ocean current energy converts are often rotating machines similar to wind turbines. The rotor may have an open design like a wind turbine or may be enclosed in a duct that channels the flow. Further, the rotor may be characterized by conventional “propeller-type” blades or helical blades. The first large tidal power plant was built in 1966 in Brittany in France. The plant is installed at the 750 m long La Rance barrage. The plant consists of 24 turbines and has a capacity of total 240 MW. This is the only case where real (commercial scale) production data is available. The plant generates about 540 million kWh per year [EDF 2010]. However, tidal current stream technology is characterised by smaller units than the large- scale tidal barrages [Brooks, 2010]. The European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) further divides ocean current energy converters into four main types: • Horizontal axis turbines: Horizontal axis turbines often look similar to wind turbines. They extract kinetic energy from the moving water in the same way that wind turbines extract energy from moving air. Capacity: up to 4 MW. One manufacturer is Marine Current Turbines (MCT) Limited in United Kingdom. Siemens has aquired a stake of MCT in 2010. • Ducted horizontal axis turbines: Enclosing the horizontal rotor inside a duct (often funnel-shaped) has the effect of concentrating the flow past the turbine. This configuration may allow operation over a greater range of current velocities, thereby generating more electricity per unit of rotor area [Kirke 2005]. • Vertical axis turbines: In vertical axis turbines, the axis of the rotor is oriented perpendicular to the flow. These turbines may also take different forms, such as being enclosed within a duct. Capacity: up to 3 MW • Oscillating hydrofoils: Oscillating hydrofoils pivot in response to tidal currents flowing over a wing or flap-like structure; the movements drive fluid in a hydraulic system to generate electricity. Capacity: up to 0.5 MW IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 25 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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