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Assessment of Potential and Promotion of New Generation of Renewable Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1.6.2. Hot Dry Rock (HDR) Already in the end of the 19th century geothermal energy had been used for district heating. At the beginning of the 20th century electricity was produced from geothermal sources. However, these power systems have only utilised resources where naturally occurring water and rock porosity is sufficient to transfer heat to the surface (hydrothermal geothermal). But geothermal sources within drilling reach are largely in dry and non-porous rock. To exploit this potential a new type of geothermal power technologies that does not require natural convective hydrothermal resources has recently been developed. This technology is referred to as Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). The EGS method "enhances" or creates geothermal resources (forms cracks) by hydraulic stimulation in non-porous hot dry rock (HDR). That means if the natural cracks and pores are not sufficient flow rates, the permeability can be enhanced by pumping high pressure water into the rock. This increases the volume and extent of the network of naturally present fractures enhancing the permeability of the rock, allowing the injected water to capture heat from the rock. The hot water can be pumped from the exploitation well and is converted into electricity or/and used for heating. After utilisation the cooled water is pumped back into the ground to heat up again in a closed cycle. The HDR technology is a baseload power source which produces power round-the-clock. This technology is technically feasible at every European location. The economical feasibility depends on the economic limits of drill depth [Antics, Sanner, 2007]. Ideal locations for HDR are over deep granite covered by a thick (3–5 km) layer of insulating sediments which slow the heat loss. Lifetime of HDR: 20-30 years of use (until ca. 10°C temperature decrease in the rock due to heat exchange) after that, approximately 50-300 years are needed to recover the rock temperature. Table 6: Parameters of a pilot plant in Soultz-sous-Fortets Category Value Costs 80 million EUR (including ORC plant) Total drill length 20 km Volume of geological heat exchanger 2-3 km3 Surface of geological heat exchanger up to 3 km2 Amount of transported water 35 l/s Heat yield 13 MW (th) Temperature of extracted water 175°C Temperature of injected water 70°C Gross power production 2.1 MW Auxiliary power demand 0.6 MW Net power production 1.5 MW Total amount of injected water 200,000 m3 Basement rock Granite Source: BINE 04/2009 IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 29 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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