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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Other HDR projects are located in Bad Urach in Germany (4,445 m, 170 °C, 1 MWe, meanwhile decommissioned) and in Basel in Switherland (Swiss Deep Heat Mining Project, 2,700 m, 6 MWe, 17 MWth useable heat). After earthquakes the project in Basel was stopped in 2007. The costs of HDR depend strongly on exploration efforts and drilling depths which vary from site to site. 1.6.3. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) In contrast to the geothermal power stations in regions with active volcanoes (e.g. Italy, Iceland) the available temperature in Germany and Austria is significantly lower (max. 220°C). Conventional steam turbines using water vapour as working fluid are not suitable for such low temperatures. Therefore alternative processes (ORC, Kalina process) have been developed which are capable of generating electricity at relatively low temperature levels (~100°C). For the organic rankine cycle (ORC) hydrocarbons (e.g. pentane, i-butane) or a fluorocarbon (C5F12) are used as working fluid. The formerly used chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) R11 and R12 which are responsible for the destruction of the ozone layer are not used any longer. The net efficiency of the geothermal power plant using ORC in Altheim in Austria is about 4% (gross efficiency: 8%). The temperature level of the geothermal resource is 106°C. The net electricity output is 500 kWe (gross: 1,000 kWe). Besides electricity also thermal energy is generated (10 MW) which is used for district heating. Figure 9 shows a simplified scheme for a geothermal power station based on the organic rankine cycle (ORC). Figure 9: Geothermal power station based on ORC [GTN 2003] ORC turbine Wet cooling tower 25°C Vaporizer Fine filter 70°C G∼ Generator Preheater 35°C Condenser Rough filter >100°C Besides for geothermal power plants, ORC plants meanwhile are used for biomass fuelled combined heat and power (CHP) plants because the operation and maintenance efforts are lower than for conventional steam turbines. IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 30 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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