PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 062
Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Table 10: State-of-markets of different energy technologies in Europe (LBST) Technology Market deployment share Market potential Offshore wind < 1% 2,900-3,200 TWhe/yr Photovoltaics < 1% 1,100-1,700 TWhe/yr (1) Concentrating solar power < 1% 1,450-2,240 TWhe/yr Bioenergy (heat, electricity, transport fuel) 40-75% 1,100-2,000 TWh/yr (2) Ocean power ~0% 200 TWhe/yr (3) Geothermal power > 1% 460-520 TWhe/yr (1) In case of photovoltaics it is assumed that two third of the adequate roofs (thereof, one third is reserved to solarthermal collectors for heat generation) and additionally 0.1% of the total land area in EU 27 is occupied with photovoltaic panels, e.g. on noise barriers along motorways. (2) The lower value is based on the assumption that today’s biomass use for the generation of heat, electricity and 1st generation biofuels is kept constant and the remaining technical biomass potential is used for the production of BTL and upgraded biogas. In 2007 about 665 TWh of heat (therof solid biomass: 642 TWh), 88 TWh of electricity (solid biomass including solid waste: 64 TWh; biogas: 20 TWh; plant oil: 4 TWh) and 94 TWh of transportion fuel (1st generation ethanol: 22 TWh; oil seed based biofuels: 72 TWh) were generated in the EU 27 [Witt 2009]. In case of bioenergy it has been assumed that about 10% of the arable land in EU 27 is available for energy crops. The upper value is based on the assumption that all biomass is used for heat and electricity production whereas short rotation forestry and plants for biogas generation are used as energy crops. (3)Technical potentials according to [OEA 2010]: Ocean wave power: 142 TWh/yr; Tidal power: 36 TWh/yr; Osmotic power 28 TWh/yr Source: LBST own compilation Impact on Industry structure Renewable energies are inherently more decentralised than conventional fossil or nuclear energy given the fact, that renewable energy sources are much more dispersed. A noticeable example is solar energy. While the production of solar thermal and photovoltaic (PV) systems is done at industrial scale, the installation and the maintenance of such system is a domain of small and medium enterprises (down to the level of one person offering installation and maintenance services for such systems). With rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, the cost of electricity production is generally higher compared to e.g. wind power. This is in principle of no harm in so far as the comparative costs of electricity to households or small enterprises are much higher than the cost at the wholesale electricity market. It is assumed that PV in central Europe could be cost competitive with household electricity – so called ‘grid parity’7 – as early as by mid this decade. Currently, the average German household is paying some 20 ct/kWhe (including taxes) compared to the German feed-in tariff of some 31 ct/kWhe for rooftop PV systems that takes effect in July 2010. At latest when the ‘grid parity’ threshold is reached, economic benefits will, at an increasing pace, shift from conventional energy companies as we know them today to local solar system installation and maintenance service providers. Local economies would gain shares in the value chain of renewable energies. Whether the big players will then expand their energy production portfolio ‘downstream’, remains to be seen in future. 7 The concept of ‘grid parity’ resembles the cost break-even between renewable power production and the cost of electricity from the grid mix. Due to the cost of power trading, transport and distribution along the value chain, different power markets exist, i.e. the cost of electricity to the consumer is subject to the voltage level and electricity volume demanded. IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 38 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
PDF Search Title:
Policy Department Renewable TechnologiesOriginal File Name Searched:
IPOL_ITRE_ET(2010)440278_EN.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)