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Assessment of Potential and Promotion of New Generation of Renewable Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Similar to some geothermal power generation processes, a good share of the CSP system is conventional, like the steam turbine power generation part. If thermal storage is included, a CSP system provides power dispatchability right into the nighttime. CSP is thus very well suited as a large-scale complement to flucutuating wind power and electricity from photovoltaics in Europe. While CSP has become a common place in discussions along with the presentation of the Desertec Initiative10, concentrating solar heat to cold systems are under development and pilot deployment in the Southern European Hemisphere. The market perspectives for solar cold for residential, commerce and industrial applications are vast. The need for cold in most applications coincides with the availability of sunlight. 2.1.5. Bioenergy Biogas fermentation The biogas plant technology provider market is mature. The technology market is very much scattered and dominated by small and medium enterprises. One reason is the plethora of feedstocks used for biogas production. Furthermore, the technological entry level is very low. Hence, a multitude of suppliers have evolved throughout Europe and beyond. Germany has a stronghold in this technology domain for classical mechanical engineering skills and technologies dominate. Examples for biogas plant technology providers are, e.g. Schmack Biogas (DE), Envitec (DE), Farmatic (DE), MT-Energie (DE) etc. The biogas production from organic residues is a long established market. The mushrooming development of biogas plants during the last few years especially in Germany and Austria occurred thanks to the feed-in-tariffs in these EU Member States. Internationally, India and China traditionally have been using biogas for cooking from residential biogas plants running on organic residues. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has been an international promoter to also introduce larger-scale biogas plants, e.g. with local industries, such as the palm oil industry in Indonesia, the pig breeding industry in Mexico, and of similar type. Different to the wind market, hardly one biogas plant is equal to another. There is hardly any production at industrial scale. Hand work dominates the production process. Thus there is little economy-of-scale which anyway has been largely exploited already. With the growing market of biogas production, supply of cheap feedstock becomes increasingly an issue of economic concern. While wind and solar power have generally low variable costs, biogas plant profits are very sensitive towards feedstock costs. Plant engineering and process automation are thus required that allow for the intake of a broad range of feedstocks as become available. Biogas upgrading With increasing availability of biogas in Europe the upgrading of biogas to natural gas became an increasingly interesting option to market the biogas instead of generating power and heat on-site or nearby the fermenter. Companies in the upgrading field are Carbotech (DE), Acrona (CH), Malmberg (SE). Malmberg is the dominating supplier of upgrading facilities in Sweden with a market share of 60-70% of all Swedish installations in 2008. 10 http://www.desertec.org IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 43 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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