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Assessment of Potential and Promotion of New Generation of Renewable Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ (a) Renewable energy projects’ access to capital – Renewable energies typically are more capital intensive than fossil or uranium-based power generation facilities. Despite the fact that running costs are very low in the case of wind and photovoltaics, access to adequate financing instruments is important. (b) Capital access to renewable energy projects is hampered in two ways: • Large-scale financing to foster small-scale projects, e.g. financing of residential photovoltaic systems. • Private investors will find it difficult to invest in large-scale projects, e.g. offshore wind energy farms. Acceptance and approval Acceptance issues are a further potential area of barriers. Stakeholders may oppose the further development of renewable energy installations. In the case of the general public (ref. “NIMBY – Not in My Backyard”) this is obvious. See the subsequent chapter on “Infrastructure and planning” for ways to engange local communities in renewable energy ventures, thus facilitating a feeling that the energy project is in fact an important “part of my backyard”. There are examples of acceptance issues by other stakeholders, such as the aviation sector (e.g. UK military [Jameson 2010]) or ecologists (e.g. US bat discussion [BWEC 2010]) with respect to wind power. Local authorities may oppose to renewable energy deployment for pure political reasons (ref. wind energy and the German states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg). Furthermore, site and operation approval can be a burden where there is a lack of responsibilities or the involvement of several authorities is required. To ease this, an approval framework with areas for preferred deployment is helpful. In case of several authorities to be dealt with, ‘one-stop-shop’ bureaus or days can facilitate the approval process and lower costs for all stakeholders. Infrastructure and planning Limited grid capacity and lack of adequate control over grid components and power generation assets pose a barrier to the deployment of renewable energies (RES). With higher RES shares in the grid, a lack of energy storage means pose a barrier to the further deployment of RES assets. Grid enforcement, extension and quality; establishing load levelling capabilities and procedures; and ensuring energy supply security has to be developed in line with the increasing share of renewable energies connected to the power grid. Failing on this would be a loss of the technological capital and would put at risk customer acceptance of renewable energies. However, succeeding on this resembles a major transformation of the electricity grid and stakeholder interactions as we know them today. Changes in infrastructure – and especially with energy infrastructure components having life-times of typically several decades – require a careful, upfront, and concerted planning among all stakeholders in order to avoid technical deadlocks and eventually sunken costs. One has to be aware of a well-balanced approach as there are trade-offs between the two development objectives • economic liberalisation of energy markets; and • market inefficiencies (or even deficiencies) resulting from a lack of a coherent and long-term planning. IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 65 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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