PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 095
Assessment of Potential and Promotion of New Generation of Renewable Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Since there are many variations, almost all have a different regime depending on their priorities, national practice and other support mechanisms for R&D spending. Since they do not differentiate for what research is performed, they offer less control for the government as to what direction R&D research will go. Firstly, tax incentives can vary by the expenses that are included. The three main expenses are fixed assets (buildings and machinery), wages and current expenses. Tax incentives for current expenses are the most common in the EU and incentives for researcher wages the least. Secondly, they can vary according to the companies they target. While most tax incentive schemes include all companies, some put a cap on the amount that can be brought into the scheme, meaning they favour smaller companies. An example is France, putting the cap on €100 million. Other countries such as the UK simply favour SME’s by differentiating the rate between smaller and larger companies. Last, the distinction can be made between volume and incremental tax incentives. Volume means that all R&D expenses, within the limits as mentioned above, can be used. Incremental on the other hand, limits the expenses that are eligible for tax incentives to the increment over a number of years. This works in favour of new and small companies, increasing their R&D expenses from a very small basis. Given the many possibilities of fine-tuning the tax incentive instrument, it offers no surprise that almost all countries have a different scheme. Over the years, many countries have made adjustments to the instrument in order to optimize company R&D expenditure. Despite this variability, company R&D expenditure in those countries has stayed remarkable stable, putting the exact impact of the instrument in question. Indirect instrument - Crédit Impôt Recherche (France) A good example of a tax incentive for R&D expenditure is the system offered in France. The Crédit Impôt Recherche (CIR) offers companies a tax credit for R&D related expenses and is one of the most generous R&D tax incentives in Europe, especially since the changes made in 2008. Before 2008, it was a combination of a volume and incremental tax incentive. 10% of R&D expenses could be brought in for a flat tax credit. Additionally, 40% of R&D expenditures above the average of the last two years of R&D expenditure were also eligible for tax credits. Combined, each company could claim a maximum of €16 million of tax credit. This system was changed in 2008 to make it both more generous and easier to calculate. Especially the simplification of the calculation method was a recommendation after an evaluation by the French National Accounting office. The incremental part was scrapped in favour of a volume tax incentive of 30% of R&D expenses for the first €100 million and 5% for all R&D expenses beyond the €100 million, meaning there is also no longer a cap of €16 million. To encourage start-ups and new entrants, companies that claim the R&D tax credit for the first time, receive it for 50% of the R&D expenses during the first year and 40% during the second year. And in order to minimize administrative risk, an application has to be handled within three months or is otherwise deemed accepted. The new system has several benefits. New companies have no experience with the CIR and its administrative requirements and can thus be intimidated by it. The larger credit of 50% should present an additional incentive for new companies to make use of the CIR and familiarize themselves with it. Once the procedures are known, it may no longer require the higher incentive for them to keep using it. IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 71 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
PDF Search Title:
Policy Department Renewable TechnologiesOriginal File Name Searched:
IPOL_ITRE_ET(2010)440278_EN.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)