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Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.3.2. Research and development and Energy: the SET Plan Operations and mechanisms of the EU R&D policy are changing rapidly with the need to develop a knowledge economy, but no changes are as large as the ones planned for research in energy. As section 2.2 has clearly stated, there seems to be an important funding gap in R&D for renewable energies. As a response to the climate challenge and a number of compelling economic reasons, the EU has launched a research and development strategy targeting the energy sector, the SET-Plan. The outline was first presented in 2006 [European Commission 2006] and then further developed in 2007 ([European Commission 2007a] and [European Commission 2007b]) and 2009 [European Commission 2009a, b, c, d] with a very detailed planning presented in a technology roadmap document [European Commission 2009b]. The SET-Plan was approved and officially started this year, although many of its elements have not been set-up yet. This plan represents an institutional revolution in the role of the European Union on energy research. Contrary to the loose open call approach of the previous Framework Programmes, the SET- Plan is much more “mission oriented”, focussed at actively assisting to fulfil the EU energy objectives in the medium and long term and seeks to change the way Europe’s energy is produced and used. The SET-Plan is very ambitious and directs its efforts to address the lack of private and public sector R&D funding in Europe, while developing strong public and private partnerships, involving governments, the academic sector and the business sector through the European Industrial Initiatives (EIIs). The SET-Plan has also created a new external collaborative structure. This is the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA), which is a collaborative group of ten leading research institutes on energy technologies. The SET Plan technology roadmap [European Commission 2009b] divides the research and development effort into three periods or technology waves. The first (until 2020) focuses on technologies that should be deployable soon, while the second (until 2050) seeks to develop more complex, long-term solutions (Table 18 and Figure 32). The third wave (after 2050) presently just entails the deployment of fusion energy if the ITER24 and its successor demonstration plants succeed. Table 18: First two technology waves of the SET Plan 2010 2050 • Second-generation biofuels • Commercialisation of CCS • Larger wind turbines • Large-scale PV and concentrating solar power systems • Enable a single, smart grid • Market energy-efficiency devices • Long-term waste management • Next generation of renewables • Breakthroughs in energy storage • Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles • Gen-IV (nuclear) • Complete ITER (fusion demonstration) • Alternative vision TEN-E and other systems • Breakthroughs in materials, nano-science, ICT, bio-science, etc. 24 The ITER refers to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor being constructed in the south of France, financed by an international consortium including the EU (see http://www.iter.org). IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 88 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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