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Assessment of Potential and Promotion of New Generation of Renewable Technologies ____________________________________________________________________________________________ It is to be debated whether the European level is the right framework to address this issue, i.e. through fast-track/low-burden processes in the EU Framework Programme for Research or a dedicated renewable energy technology innovation fund. The major barrier with bioenergy is its limited availability Achieving the 10% biofuels goal for 2020 of the EU requires either importing biofuels or going significantly beyond 10% of the arable land in EU 27 for energy crops. This limitation needs to be appropriately acknowledged whenever development strategies and quantitative goals are formulated. A barrier to the development and deployment of renewable energies is the general mind set of policy makers, investors, and not least scientists. Bioenergies tend to be overestimated, while electricity-based renewable energies tend to be underestimated. Short-term considerations often win over long-term aspects and needs. Beside the usual challenges attributed with the adaptation of onshore wind energy to the offshore operating conditions, offshore wind energy is most vulnerable to the availability of coastal grid access and ‘hinterland’ transport capacity. Addressing the potentially huge markets for photovoltaics in so-called developing and threshold countries is difficult. There is a lack of knowledge and institutional capacity to develop appropriate mechanisms, both on the supply as well as on the demand side. Similar to offshore wind energy, concentrated solar power (CSP) requires sufficient power transmission capacities, ideally to complement the South and North bias between CSP and offshore wind respectively. Biogas is lacking financial incentives and administrative regulation for feeding it into the natural gas grid. Subject to general technology validation, a regulatory framework is needed for Europe prior to the deployment of ocean energy, e.g. in order to ensure co-existence with seaways. Deployment of geothermal power is mostly hampered by the high exploration risks. These can be mitigated through the public provision of measurement regimes and insurance or risk fund concepts. Acceptance of geothermal technology as a whole is in danger if earthquakes from hot dry rock developments repeat. More careful planning and geological intelligence is needed here. 4.1.4. National best practices There are direct (subsidies, etc.) and indirect instruments (taxes, research programmes, etc.) to support the research, development, demonstration and deployment of renewable energies. The optimal mix depends on the technology ripeness, target market and policy objective(s) to be achieved. As an example for an indirect instrument, the European Framework Programme (FP) for Research (as a complement to national R&D Programmes) is a model for international collaboration on R&D. Despite all the hopes and lip services paid, it’s mostly established, larger companies and academia that benefit most from it. However, innovation often stems from spin-offs and SMEs with limited financial and personal capacities to manage (otherwise justifiable) EU administration processes. It is high time to either acknowledge the realities and to start discussing solutions tailored to SMEs or to drop the claim of SME participation on EU level. IP/A/ITRE/ST/2009-11 & 12 111 PE 440.278PDF Image | Policy Department Renewable Technologies
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