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2 Reference Design Plant Layout and Cost Assessment 2.1 Introduction A principal motivation for giving serious attention to adoption of the supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle is its prospect for cost reduction in generic GEN-IV applications. As documented in Ref. (2.1), reasons for this expectation include competitive thermodynamic efficiency (e.g. 45% at a turbine inlet temperature of 550°C), simplicity (no need for intercooling or reheating, amenability to single shaft configuration) and extremely compact turbomachinery. To quantify the margin of advantage a necessary first step is to better define an actual plant layout. 2.2 Plant Layout Selection Now that all basic features of the supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle have been finalized, it is appropriate to become more specific on physical layout of the components. To aid in this endeavor we have surveyed several of the newly proposed thermal and fast gas-cooled reactor Brayton cycle plant designs advanced by various international proponents. Table 2.1 summarizes features pertinent to present interests. The GCFRs designed in the 1960-1980 time frame were generally coupled to a Rankine cycle. Brayton cycle versions were less well studied. Furthermore, all such GCFRs employed PCRVs, and their helium power conversion units were accommodated inside the PCRV in a direct cycle arrangement. Hence their precedent is of limited value for our present interests. Table 2.1 also shows the current status of MIT S-CO2 project conceptual designs for power conversion cycle layout. As evident, we have evolved from Dostal’s monolithic vertical layout to consider a horizontal integral arrangement; even so, further work is still required to assess variations on and alternatives to this configuration. Considerations leading to these choices are as follows: 5PDF Image | Report No: MIT-GFR-014 Topical Report 300 MWe Supercritical CO2 Plant Layout and Design
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