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ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 12, June 2013 = T = = 4.13 kJ/sec (or kW) Therefore the total energy loss by diesel engine is 29.21%. Hence the loss of heat energy through the exhaust gas exhausted from I.C. engine into the environment 29.21% energy. III. HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM FOR ENGINE HEAT RECOVERY Large quantity of hot flue gases is generated from internal combustion engine etc. If same of this waste heat could be recovered, a considerable amount of primary fuel could be saved. It is depends upon mass flow rate of exhaust gas and temperature of exhaust gas. The internal combustion engine energy lost in waste gases cannot be fully recovered. However, much of the heat could be recovered and losses be minimized by adopting certain measures. There are different methods of the exhaust gas heat recovery namely for space heating, refrigeration and power generation. The mass flow rate of exhaust gas is the function of the engine size and speed, hence larger the engine size and higher the speed the exhaust gas heat is larger. So heat recovery system will be beneficial to the large engines comparatively to smaller engines. The heat recovery from exhaust gas and conversion in to mechanical power is possible with the help of Rankine, Stirling and Brayton thermodynamic cycles, vapour absorption cycle. These cycles are proved for low temperature heat conversion in to the useful power. Engine exhaust heat recovery is considered to be one of the most effective means and it has become a research hotspot recently. For example, Doyle and Patel [14] have designed a device for recovering exhaust gas heat based on Rankine cycle on a truck engine. The commissioning experiment of 450 kilometers showed that this device could save fuel consumption by 12.5%. Cummins Company has also done some research on waste heat recovery on truck engines, and the results showed that engine thermal efficiency could improve by 5.4% through exhaust heat recovery. James C. Conklin and James P. Szybist [15] have designed a six-stroke internal combustion engine cycle with water injection for in-cylinder exhaust heat recovery which has the potential to significantly improve the engine efficiency and fuel economy. R. Saidur et al [16] Rankine bottoming cycle technique to maximize energy efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and green house gas emissions. Recovering engine waste heat can be achieved via numerous methods. The heat can either be reused within the same process or transferred to another thermal, electrical, or mechanical process. Hau xuewjun et al [17] has studied the analysis of exhaust gas waste heat recovery and pollution processing for diesel engine. They analyzed total effect of waste heat on pollution or environment. Waste heat can be utilized for some useful works and it is reduces pollution. The diesel engine exhaust gas waste heat recovery rate increase with increasing diesel engine exhaust gas emission rate. IV. POSSIBLE WAY OF USING HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM The increasing fuel costs and diminishing petroleum supplies are forcing governments and industries to increase the power efficiency of engines. A cursory look at the internal combustion engine heat balance indicates that the input energy is divided into roughly three equal parts: energy converted to useful work, energy transferred to coolant and energy lost with the exhaust gases. There are several technologies for recovering this energy on a internal combustion engine, where as the dominating ones are: Waste heat can utilized for heating purpose, power generation purpose, refrigeration purpose, etc. A Heating Purpose Waste heat can be utilized for the heating purpose like space heating, Preheating intake air and fuel, dryer etc. Typical examples of use would be preheating of combustion air, space heating, or pre-heating boiler feed water or process water etc. waste heat recovery system can utilized for pre heating intake air and intake fuel. Mhia Md et al [18] they investigate effect of preheating intake air on Nox emission on diesel engine. They have design waste heat recovery for preheating intake air, and fabricated and its effect has been tested on diesel combustion and exhaust emissions. Result shows that NOx emission is reduced with the new air preheating waste heat recovery setup. Higher inlet air temperature is caused the lower ignition delay, which is responsible for lower NOx formation with air preheating. Uniform or better combustion is occurred due to pre heating of inlet air, which also causes lower engine noise. They have represented easy vaporization and better mixing of air and fuel occur due to warm up of inlet air, which causes lower CO emission. Heat energy is recovered from the exhaust gases, which causes lower heat addition, thus improving engine thermal efficiency. Low grade fuel, such as, kerosene can be used in diesel engine by blending with conventional diesel fuel. Using the air preheating system and 10% kerosene blend as fuel, the thermal efficiency is improved and exhaust emissions (NOx and CO) is reduced as compared to neat diesel fuel without using air preheating system. F. Karaosmanoglu [19] studied use of alternative fuel in internal combustion engines leads to some problems such as poor fuel atomization and low volatility mainly originated from their high viscosity, high molecular weight and density. It is reported that these problems may cause important engine failures such as piston ring sticking injector coking, formation of carbon deposits and rapid deterioration of lubricating oil after the use of alternative fuel for a long period of time. Waste heat recovery is useful for preheating alternative fuel so reduce viscosity of fuel, better fuel atomization and low volatility of fuel. B Power Generation Purpose Waste heat can also be utilized indirectly for the power generation using rankine cycle. Bryton cycle, Stirling cycle and directly used for thermoelectric generator etc, 96PDF Image | Review on Exhaust Gas Heat Recovery for I.C. Engine
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