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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-next-generation-nuclear-r )

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Furthermore, he investigated the effect of pump inlet and turbine inlet temperature for different pressure drops. The results are shown in Figure 2.9. Again, the effect of pressure drop on the cycle efficiency is clearly visible. Feher concluded that high thermal efficiency is achievable with this type of cycle. The volume to power ratio is very low and the cycle is not very sensitive to the compressor efficiency. 2.3.2 Condensation Cycles and Cycles with Sub-critical Temperature Angelino performed one of the most detailed investigations of the supercritical CO2 cycle. Unfortunately, his prime focus was on condensation cycles [Angelino, 1967], [Angelino, 1968] and [Angelino, 1969]. He concluded that at turbine inlet temperatures higher than 650oC single heating CO2 cycles exhibit a better efficiency than reheat steam cycles. He also recognized the suitability of the cycle for high temperature nuclear heat sources. However, the requirement for very low temperature cooling water represents a geographical limitation to the possible use of such CO2 cycles. Among the reasons in favor of CO2 cycles over steam cycles he mentioned the low efficiency improvement of the steam cycle for turbine inlet temperatures above 600oC compared to CO2 cycles and the steam cycle’s complexity. The main advantage over the ideal gas Brayton cycle is the significantly higher efficiency. In the first two analyses [Angelino, 1967 and 1968] the focus was completely on condensation cycles. The first [Angelino, 1967] investigated the possible use of fully condensing cycles, however it was found that they exhibited a large internal irreversibility due to the heat transfer from the low specific heat turbine exhaust stream to the high specific heat pump exit stream (pinch-point problem). In order to overcome these problems he introduced four different so called compound condensation cycles. It should be noted that some cycle layouts he used could 19

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