Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-next-generation-nuclear-r )

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Despite these deficiencies he was able to demonstrate the significant advantage over ideal gas cycles and competitiveness with steam cycles (Figure 2.11). The only component for which the preliminary design was completed was a turbine. As can be seen in Figure 2.12 the compactness compared to the steam turbine is striking. Figure 2.12 Carbon dioxide turbine for 1000 MW net output, inlet 30 MPa, 565oC [from Angelino, 1968] Angelino concluded that at about 650oC the efficiency of the condensing re- compression cycle and that of steam cycle having the same maximum pressure are equal. He suggested that application of CO2 cycles is two-fold. At low temperatures (400- 550oC) even though the cycle’s efficiency is inferior to that of the steam cycle its simplicity and compactness could prove more economic. At high temperatures (650 to 800oC) a CO2 cycle offers a substitute for the steam cycle due to its simplicity, compactness and higher efficiency. The application to high temperature gas-cooled reactors is particularly interesting. The conclusion that structural materials allowing operation up to 800oC in CO2 are available is probably a bit overstated, since even today such high temperatures present a challenge to structural materials. The non-corrosive helium Brayton cycle might be favored for such high temperature applications. 22

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