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efficiencies for a given temperature are higher today than that from Angelino’s work. Nevertheless, his study can still serve as an excellent comparison of different CO2 cycle layouts. 2.3.3 150 kWe Feher Cycle Test Loop In 1970 a 150 kWe supercritical CO2 loop was designed [Hoffman and Feher, 1970]. The focus was on exploring the potential of the S-CO2 cycle for small terrestrial nuclear systems. They recognized the potential for high thermal efficiency and compact machinery. Because the cycle is highly regenerative it receives heat over a narrow temperature range, which makes it well suited for nuclear reactors. The proposed heat source is a helium cooled nuclear reactor operating at 760oC and 3.5 MPa. The cycle used static frequency conversion, because the high speed and high pressure dynamic seals were incompatible with the lifetime requirements imposed on the cycle, and frequency conversion by a motor generator set did not conform with the low weight requirements. A two-shaft arrangement was selected because of higher system efficiency and easier start-up. The main reason is the incompatibility of the pump and turbine optimum rotational speeds. Turbines in series were used because the reduction of head across each turbine increases turbine efficiency. Several working fluids were scoped for possible application. CO2 was selected because of its good critical properties, good thermal stability, low corrosion levels with the materials used; furthermore it is not poisonous, it is abundant, has relatively low cost and its thermodynamic and transport properties are well known. The cycle operated entirely above the critical pressure of carbon dioxide. The proposed cycle was regenerative and the compression process was performed in the liquid phase below the critical temperature (critical point 7.38 MPa, 30.98oC). The high pressure of the working fluid enables the cycle to be very compact, due to the high CO2 density. However, condensing CO2 cycles require an available year-round supply of very cold cooling water (10 – 15oC), so they cannot be applied generally. The cycle upper operating temperature was 732oC in order to keep the intermediate heat exchanger at acceptable size. The pump inlet temperature was set at 66 oC. The alternator shaft speed optimization yielded 40,000rpm. A single stage pump was used. Turbine inlet pressure 26PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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