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advantage of the supercritical CO2 cycle over ideal gas cycles lies in the reduced compression work. The vicinity of the critical point significantly affects the properties of CO2. The fluid is very dense in this region and its compressibility is low, therefore the compression work is reduced substantially and more turbine work is available for the generator. However, the specific heat is affected as well. The different and variable values of specific heat on the high and low pressure side of the recuperator affect the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids. For certain operating conditions the minimum temperature difference may be reached inside rather than at the hot or cold ends of the recuperator. Therefore, simple cycle analysis based on the cycle component end state points is not sufficient since there may be a negative temperature difference in the recuperator, which violates the laws of thermodynamics. Thus, one always has to check the temperature difference through the recuperator in order to determine the achievable recuperator effectiveness. The investigation of the supercritical CO2 cycle in the past focused more often on the condensing cycle, for which widespread application is prevented by the requirement of a year round supply of very cold cooling water (~10oC). Fortunately, the same cycle layouts that were investigated for the condensing cycles can also be used in the gas only state. The early thermodynamic studies were reviewed, and led to identification of the two most promising cycle layouts, the Brayton cycle with two inter-coolers, and the recompression cycle. The advantages of the supercritical CO2 cycle such as compactness, low cost and smaller leakage problems were discussed. Currently, the recompression cycle operating at pressures of 20 MPa and higher and maximum temperature of 650oC is perceived as the most promising cycle layout since the introduction of compact heat exchangers has now enabled achieving a high degree of regeneration with recuperators of reasonable cost. Some investigators explored the use of partial cooling, which operates at pressures ~12 MPa and temperature around 700 – 800oC or Brayton cycles with several stages of inter-cooling operating at pressures ~ 8MPa and temperatures above 900oC. 37PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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