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The recuperator effectiveness for a 60 m3 total heat exchanger volume is very high. For the optimum value of pressure ratio its value is about 99%. Interesting information regarding the pinch-point can be obtained from Figure 4.7. As can be seen the recuperated heat monotonically decreases with increasing pressure ratio. For high pressure ratios the recuperator effectiveness decreases as well. This is caused by the lower temperature difference in the recuperator. As the pressure ratio increases the turbine outlet and compressor outlet temperatures move closer together, thus lowering the recuperator temperature difference. This is a usual behavior that would be observed for ideal gas Brayton cycles as well. However, for lower pressure ratios the effectiveness of the recuperator decreases, even though the transferred heat keeps increasing. This is caused by the significant increase in the specific heat at pressures near the critical point. The critical pressure is marked by the vertical black line. One can notice a change in behavior once the critical pressure is exceeded. The only reason for the reduction of recuperator effectiveness is that more heat is available than can be recuperated. Since the volume of heat exchangers is sufficiently large, the only explanation is that a pinch-point exists in the recuperator and prevents heat recovery. Figure 4.7 also shows the high degree of regeneration of the cycle. Around the critical pressure almost twice as much heat is regenerated than is added in the reactor. Since this cycle layout does not achieve high enough efficiency for nuclear power plant service further steps must be taken in order to improve the efficiency. In Chapter 6 this effort will be described in more detail. However, these steps can only lead to further increase of the regeneration. Therefore, the improved cycle will have even higher demand on the recuperators. 4.1.3 Optimization Methodology for the Brayton Cycles This section describes the optimization methodology that is used in the rest of this work for optimization of cycle design. It is presented for the example of the simple Brayton cycle, but can be in general applied to any cycle layout; only the amount of parameters open for optimization will be different. 80PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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