Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-next-generation-nuclear-r )

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The principal advantages of an indirect cycle are: 1) The reactor and primary system are physically independent of the secondary system, which improves overall plant safety, especially for the first of a kind plant. 2) Primary coolant can be selected to eliminate potential fuel, clad or construction material corrosion issues. 3) The power cycle can be located outside containment in a much more accessible layout, and containment free volume needed to accommodate the LOCA gas inventory reduced by more than a factor of two, with significant cost savings. 4) LOCA initiators for reactor vessel depressurization are far less frequent and severe. In the case of a gas-to-gas indirect cycle the secondary plant inventory and makeup are available for core flood and re-pressurization. 5) Radiological problems are ameliorated: no turbine plant contamination by failed fuel or corrosion product transport; no N-16 in the turbine plant (from the O-16 [n,p] N-16 reaction in CO2 ); no corrosion enhancement by the products of CO2 radiolysis in the neutron flux environment; all of which facilitate both on-line and shutdown maintenance. 6) Pressure on fuel cladding and the pressure vessel can be reduced, reducing their cost and probability of loss of integrity. 7) An isolation cooling water loop for the pre-cooler is not required. 8) An indirect cycle offers the possibility of using re-heating, which is in general impracticable in the case of a direct cycle. Re-heating improves the efficiency and may offset the efficiency reduction caused by addition of the primary circuit 157

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