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1000 $/kWe and efficiency of 45% was assumed. Figure 7.2 shows the indirect cycle cost in $/kWe relative to the reference cycle as a function of the reactor inlet temperature for different reactor outlet temperatures. The cost of the indirect cycle includes only the additional cost of heat exchangers and is calculated based on the calculated indirect cycle efficiency. It should be stressed that this does not give a full picture regarding the true capital cost of the indirect cycle for the following reasons: 1) Introduction of the indirect cycle introduces additional expenses such as blowers, their motors, check valves, additional piping etc. In some areas an indirect cycle can also constitute savings (pre-cooler isolation cooling loop not necessary, smaller containment size etc). To assess the overall cost all these effects have to eventually be taken into account in future work. 2) The operating temperature of the reactor is significantly increased in this analysis and it cannot be expected that the cost of the reactor system will remain the same under the elevated operating temperature. On the other hand operating pressure will be much lower. 3) Minimizing intermediate heat exchanger size is not necessarily the best goal: oversizing this component to reduce the mean logarithmic temperature difference and pumping power may be preferable. This analysis serves to identify the optimum design point for the intermediate heat exchangers and gives a first insight into the performance of the indirect cycle. This insight is more engineering than economic and helps one to assess whether the indirect cycle is at all feasible. Figure 7.2 shows that a reactor outlet temperature of at least 650oC is necessary in order to reduce the cost increase due to the additional heat exchangers to below 4%. The minimum cost increase of 2.9% was achieved at reactor core outlet temperature of 740oC (compare with 550oC for direct supercritical CO2 cycle) and inlet temperature of 440oC. It is likely that such a high temperature would increase the other costs of the reactor; on the other hand reactor pressure is reduced from 20MPa to 8MPa. Nevertheless, as shown in Figure 7.2, compared to the direct cycle the operation of the indirect cycle with a reactor core outlet temperature of 650oC does not 162PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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