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direct cycle is minimal. This gives much larger flexibility in designing the intermediate heat exchangers. 46 45 44 43 42 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 580 oC 600 oC 620 oC 640 oC 660 oC 680 oC 700 oC 720 oC 740 oC 760 oC 780oC Reactor Inlet Temperature (oC) Figure 7.17 Efficiency of lead alloy / CO2 indirect cycle for different reactor inlet and outlet temperatures Since for some reactor inlet and outlet temperatures the cost of the indirect cycle is almost the same as that of the direct cycle (only the cost of the intermediate heat exchangers is included) this means that for some cases the efficiency is actually improved compared to the direct cycle and this efficiency improvement offsets the cost increase due to intermediate heat exchangers. This is caused by the fact that in the indirect cycle the gas flows only through the intermediate heat exchanger, whereas in the direct cycle it has to flow through the whole primary system, which causes higher pressure drop than in the case of the indirect cycle. Since the efficiency reduction due to the pumping of lead alloy is negligible the cycle efficiency is improved. Figure 7.17 shows the efficiency profiles for different operating temperatures. The efficiency profiles are much more flat than in the case of the helium indirect cycle. This is again the benefit of the low pumping power of lead alloy systems. Only when the temperature rise across the core falls below 175 Indirect Cycle Efficiency (%)PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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