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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-next-generation-nuclear-r )

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4.50E+06 4.00E+06 3.50E+06 3.00E+06 2.50E+06 2.00E+06 1.50E+06 1.00E+06 5.00E+05 0.00E+00 580 620 660 700 740 780 2 Re-heats 1 Re-heat No Re-heat Reactor Outlet Temperature (oC) Figure 7.20 Intermediate heat exchanger costs for lead alloy / CO2 indirect cycle for different cycle options Figure 7.18 shows the relative $/kWe capital cost for none, one and two stages of re- heat. The costs are lower than that of the helium primary system, which clearly indicates the benefit of using lead alloy as a primary system coolant. As for the re-heat the same conclusion can be drawn as for the helium indirect cycle. Since the cost reported here includes only the additional cost of the intermediate heat exchanger and not the costs of adding the additional loop for the re-heat stage the savings achieved here indicate that use of re-heat is not economically attractive as pointed out in section 7.4.3. In addition in the case of lead alloy cooled reactors the intermediate heat exchangers are located inside the vessel. Re-heat increases the number of penetrations through the vessel and the additional volume of re-heaters may not fit inside the reactor vessel. Placing them outside would introduce a significant capital cost increase. A final answer would require a very detailed economic analysis. The reason why re-heat is regularly used at fossil stations is that the fuel cost is a significant portion of the electricity generating cost and plant efficiency can reduce this cost. However, this is not the case for nuclear plants. Another reason is that the pressure difference across steam cycle turbines is very high. 178 IHX Cost ($)

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