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Figure 7.21 Optimized reactor inlet and outlet temperatures for lead alloy / CO2 indirect cycle for different cycle options 7.6 Summary The performance of the helium and lead alloy indirect cycles coupled with a supercritical CO2 recompression cycle at 600 MWth was investigated. The optimum reactor inlet and outlet temperatures were found based on minimizing the additional cost of intermediate heat exchangers. The cost of the additional components needed for the indirect cycle will be about the same without regard to the operating temperatures, thus the minimum cost increase in $/kWe that takes into account only the intermediate and re- heater costs identifies the best-suited operating conditions. To achieve this the additional cost of the heat exchangers and the reduction of the cycle efficiency due to the primary loop pumping power were estimated. These two combined yielded the cost increase in $/kWe compared to the reference direct supercritical CO2 recompression cycle with turbine inlet temperature of 550oC and an efficiency of 45%. The lead alloy primary system performs significantly better than the helium primary system due to its lower pumping power and better heat transfer capabilities. Nevertheless, the performance of the helium primary system is satisfactory. The efficiency reduction is not significant and the additional cost increase associated with the additional heat exchangers does not disqualify the application of this type of cycle. This conclusion serves only as a primary engineering analysis on the feasibility of indirect cycles. A detailed economic analysis needs to be performed in order to quantify the capital cost in $/kWe of any indirect system. Since an indirect cycle enables the use of re-heat its effect on the cycle performance was analyzed. Single and double re-heated cycles were investigated. Only the additional cost of the intermediate heat exchangers and re-heaters was included. Thus, the re- heating has to constitute a significant cost reduction since additional investments on the additional turbine body, casing, ducting and piping are necessary, and for lead alloy an intermediate loop might be necessary. After adding all these additional investments if the cycle cost is close to the non-reheated cycle, the non-reheated cycle would be the choice, 180PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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