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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors ( supercritical-carbon-dioxide-cycle-next-generation-nuclear-r )

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channel diameter is that uniform “sponginess” of the plates is very important for the diffusion bonding process. Their experience with a liquid metal application is especially interesting for the sodium, molten salt or lead alloy cooled reactors. The only liquid metal used in HEATRIC heat exchangers so far was mercury, but conceptually there is no reason why other liquid metals could not be used. One advantage of small channels is in safety. First, the probability of a leak is very low and secondly, if the leak does occur it is very small. The repair of such a leak is performed by removing the headers, finding the leaking channels and spot welding them closed. This procedure has already been sucessfully performed. The only failure mechanism encountered is fatigue: especially in cases where rapid on-off flow control is used as a control mechanism. So far HEATRIC has not had a single failure of the headers, i.e. no leaks to atmosphere. The heat exchangers are designed to 1% fractional pressure drop unless otherwise specified by the customer. The maximum current dimensions of heat exchanger modules are 600 mm width, 600 mm height and 1,500 m length. Only the width is fixed by the widest available photo film, which is 600 mm. The modules can be stacked side by side to increase frontal area with the same envelope to create larger heat exchanger assemblies. The other dimensions can be adjusted according to the customer if a large quantity of heat exchangers is ordered. These dimensions are currently driven by the demand, because the limit on oil rig decks sets the limit on the dimensions. Larger units are not currently required. Currently, HEATRIC has introduced a new heat exchanger design, which eliminates the formely used Z-flow pattern and thus improves the thermal performance of the heat exchanger and makes its analysis simpler. The headers are incorporated into the plate and the distributors are etched into the plate as well. This design minimizes the flow maldistributions among the channels and improves the performance of the heat exchanger. The volume of headers is normally negligible compared to the total heat exchanger volume. The plate dimensions are not completely optional. The maximum plate width is 600 mm. This limit is set by the widest industrial photo film currently available. The photo film is used during the manufacturing process. The maximum plate length is currently 1500 mm, which if headers are included leaves about 1350 mm of 206

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