Supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles for solar-thermal energy

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Supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles for solar-thermal energy ( supercritical-co2-brayton-cycles-solar-thermal-energy )

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962 B.D. Iverson et al. / Applied Energy 111 (2013) 957–970 Table 2 State points and operational parameters measured at steady operation. Calculated columns include (a) model benchmarking, (b) cycle operation at design conditions, (c) insulation improvements to reduce heat loss, and (d) compressor design improvements to reach 80% efficiency. Location Temperature (°C) 1a-A 1b-Ad 2a-A 2b-A 3a-A 3a-B 3b 4a 4b 5a 5b-A 5b-B 6a-A 6a-B 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b-A 8b-B Pressure (kPa) 1a-A 1b-Ad 2a-A 2b-A 3a-A 3a-B 3b 4a 4b 5ad 5b-A 5b-B 6a-A 6a-B 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b-A 8b-B Mass flow (kg/s) 2a-A 3a-B 4b 5b-A 5b-B 6a-A 6a-B 8b-A 8b-B TAC A RPMd Windagea (kW) Turbine heat lossb (kW) Turbine power (gross) (kW) Turbine efficiency (%) Compressor pressure ratio Compressor power (kW) Compressor efficiency (%) TAC A net power (kW) TAC B RPMd Windagea (kW) Turbine heat lossb (kW) Turbine power (gross) (kW) Turbine efficiency (%) Compressor pressure ratio Compressor power (kW) Compressor efficiency (%) Measured (Fig. 4, 7600 s) 32.3 31.8 46.8 45.7 55.8 69.5 58.7 331.7 316.1 400.4 390 390.6 368.9 368.9 366.3 67 67 45.9 44.6 45.1 7530.7 7485.1 10296.9 10156.8 10067.4 10020.4 10017.3 10117.1 10045.3 9898.5 9893.7 9852.6 7938.4 7962.5 7983.2 7844.5 7922.2 7783 7553.1 7573.5 2.506 0.977 3.483 1.741 1.741 1.712 1.716 2.535 1.002 36550 N/Ae 8.1 36.4 79.1 1.376 39.2 36.3 10.9 46025 N/Ae 8.1 37.8 84.6 1.323 16.7 61.9 Calculated (a) benchmark 31.9 31.9 47.6 47.6 52.7 71 55.8 316.7 301.1 400.4 394.1 394.6 368.5 367.7 365.5 61 61 47.7 47.7 46.9 7485 7485 10218.6 10218.6 10136.8 10126.1 10126.1 10045.1 10045.1 9797.8 9797.8 9797.8 7933.7 7933.7 7933.7 7808.8 7808.8 7685.8 7685.8 7685.8 2.767 0.888 3.655 1.803 1.854 1.774 1.829 2.797 0.912 36550 4.9 10.5 36.9 80.8 1.365 25.5 67.8 6.5 46025 10.1 10.8 40.8 86.5 1.318 14.9 63.4 Calculated (b) design conditions 32.4 32.4 52.6 52.6 119.6 115.5 117.7 422.7 407.1 538 531.7 532.2 473.7 473.8 471.1 135.8 135.8 64.3 64.3 63.5 7688 7688 14091.3 14091.3 13978.5 13963.1 13963.1 13851.4 13851.4 13472.3 13472.3 13472.3 8416.4 8416.4 8416.4 8283.8 8283.8 8153.4 8153.4 8153.4 3.098 2.534 5.632 2.626 3.007 2.597 2.982 3.127 2.559 75000 25.8 16.0 151.8 84.6 1.833 47.5 67.1 78.5 75000 25.8 18.3 176.0 85.4 1.713 93.2 68.3 Calculated (c) insulated 32.4 32.4 52.5 52.5 120.8 116.4 118.8 435 435 538 538 538 484.6 484.1 484.3 137.8 137.8 64.2 64.2 64.2 7688 7688 14078.3 14078.3 13965.6 13967.1 13967.1 13855.4 13855.4 13477.4 13477.4 13477.4 8413.6 8413.6 8413.6 8281.1 8281.1 8150.7 8150.7 8150.7 3.134 2.481 5.615 2.619 2.996 2.589 2.972 3.164 2.506 75000 25.8 0.0 153.7 84.6 1.831 47.9 67.3 80.0 75000 25.8 0.0 178.0 85.3 1.714 91.6 68.7 Calculated (d) efficient compressor 32.4 32.4 51.6 51.6 116.3 110.2 113.5 432.9 432.9 538 538 538 484.5 484 484.2 132.2 132.2 63 63 63 7688 7688 14099.7 14099.7 13986.9 13980.2 13980.2 13868.3 13868.3 13489.7 13489.7 13489.7 8415.3 8415.3 8415.3 8282.7 8282.7 8152.3 8152.3 8152.3 3.071 2.554 5.625 2.623 3.001 2.593 2.977 3.101 2.578 75000 25.8 0.0 154.2 84.6 1.834 36.4 87.1 92.0 75000 25.8 0.0 178.6 85.3 1.715 72.2 88.6

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