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The efficiency (η) of this cycle can be represented by the ratio of work capacity divided by the heat put into the system (Qa): the following equations respectively: η=W ηsimple = η = Qa h3 − h1 h4 5− h1 − h5 + h6 η = 3 1 4 η = QW a Equation 1. h−h−h+h Intermsofenthalpy(h),theefficiencyfortheRankinecycle3with1and4with5outsuperheatingcanbedefinedby W Qa h−h−h+h Equation 2. Equation 3. simple ηsimple = h −ηh −h=+h superheat 3 h1−h4 5 h3 −h1 h4 −h1 h−h−h+h 3 1 h−h−h+h 2 h1−h3 4 Typical efficiencies for these cycles range from around 202% -135%. η=41526134 superheat hη−h −h=+h supercritical h −h 4 h1−h5 6 ηsuperheat = h4 − h1 2 1 η = h 2 − 4h 1 − 1h 3 + h 4 supercritical h − h − h + h ηsupercritical = There are two measurable physical and covariant parameters of the system which correlate to substantial affects on the thermal efficiency of the cycle. The first parameter is the system back pressure. For a given inlet (throttle) temperature and pressure at the turbine, a lower back pressure equates to a higher system efficiency. In effect, an increase in the back pressure reduces the capacity of the steam to expand through the turbine. The effect of variations in system back pressure can be seen in Figure 4. The second parameter is the throttle temperature. While holding both the system back pressure and the throttle pressure constant, an increase in the throttle temperature will increase the thermal efficiency of the cycle. This effect is shown in Figure 5. An increase in the throttle temperature simply increases the potential of the expanding steam to transfer energy to the turbine. h−h 21 Throttle Temperature = 810.93 K (1000 oF) 50 45 40 35 30 25 2001 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 0.49 2.46 4.91 7.37 9.82 12.28 14.73 Engine Back Pressure, In. Hg abs (psia) Figure 4. Effect of Turbine Outlet Backpressure for a Constant Input Throttle Temperature [1]. -- 0 0 0 , 0 1 0 0 0 5 0 3 2 2 5 1 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 Rankine Steam Cycle Thermal Efficiency, Percent Throttle Pressure, psiaPDF Image | Supercritical rankine cycle A synopsis of the cycle
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