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anytime soon. Renewable energy credits (RECs) would also improve the economics, but as discussed previously, most states with an RPS do not include waste heat to power as a qualifying resource. Finally, even if a project is deemed economically feasible on paper, there is the risk that the project's output will be lower than expected, or cost overruns will ruin the economics, or a drop in utility electricity rates will reduce the economic benefit. Waste heat to power service companies are now emerging that take on this latter risk completely by financing, developing, constructing, and even owning the waste heat to power projects. The service company then sells the electricity generated by the projects back to the heat host at a lower cost than electricity from the utility. Alternatively, the service companies can sign a power purchase agreement with a third party (such as the utility) for the electricity from the project and share the revenue from electricity sales with the heat host. Therefore any risks of lower- than-expected system output or external factors that influence project economics are borne by the service company and not the heat host. Additionally, the service companies work with multiple technology vendors rather than locking into a single partner, enabling them to choose the best technology and partner for a particular project. This reduces some of the risks of disruption associated with the implementation of the projects and allows the heat host to take advantage of the process and industry knowledge acquired by the service provider over multiple projects. Two such waste heat to power service providers are described in the sections that follow. Recycled Energy Development Recycled Energy Development LLC, or RED, is based in Westmont, Illinois, and offers both cogeneration (electricity and heat) and waste heat to power services. RED operates by purchasing an industrial company's existing boilers and/or other energy equipment, then recovering waste energy from that equipment to generate electricity and steam, which the host company can then use directly or which RED and the host company jointly sell to a third party. Throughout this process, RED takes care of the development, financing, engineering, installation, and long-term operation of the project. In addition to purchasing the boilers or other energy equipment, RED leases space from the heat host for the equipment used to recover the waste heat. RED targets large projects in the specialty metals, chemical, food, cement, and glass industries, as well as any other industries with large amounts of waste heat. RED is flexible in who it sells the electricity to and pursues the option that warrants the greatest economic benefit to RED and the project host. This can include selling the electricity back to the host, signing a PPA with a third party, or some combination of the two. When electricity is sold to a third party, the revenue goes Page 6 #EI229456 ©2011 IDC Energy InsightsPDF Image | Waste Heat to Power Still Waiting for a Breakthrough
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